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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda Report - June 7, 2023 C-33CITY OF N s Z010 Z CALIFORNIA COUNCIL COMMUNICATION AGENDA ITEM Cw33 AGENDA TITLE: Adopt Resolution Approving City of Lodi's Zero Emission Bus Rollout Plan MEETING DATE: June 7, 2023 PREPARED BY: Public Works Director RECOMMENDED ACTION: Adopt resolution approving the City of Lodi's Zero -Emission Bus Rollout Plan BACKGROUND INFORMATION: On November 2, 2022, the City Council authorized the City Manager to execute a Professional Services Agreement with ICF Consulting, LLC, to complete the City of Lodi's Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan. In accordance with the California Air Resource Board's (CARB) Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation, each transit agency is required to submit a completed ZEB Bus Rollout Plan, approved by its governing body, demonstrating how it will achieve a full transition to ZEBs. Per the ICT regulation, 100% of new transit bus purchases must be zero -emission by 2029, and 100% of transit bus fleets must be zero -emission by 2040. The plan identifies a recommended ZEB type (battery electric), fleet replacement schedules, infrastructure requirements such as electrical capacity upgrades and charger installations, cost estimates, disadvantaged community benefit, workforce training requirements, funding strategies, and implementation challenges. The rollout plan was based on analysis that factored in key parameters such as existing transit service levels including route, range and staffing needs, fleet management including operational logistics and site assessments, and charging needs. Financial viability and cost effectiveness with regard to initial purchase prices, lifetime costs, and operational costs were also factored. Based on their area(s) of expertise, several City staff members from Public Works and Electric Utility contributed heavily to ICF's analysis. Staff and ICF presented the draft Zero Emission Bus Rollout Plan at the April 25, 2023 shirtsleeve meeting and answered questions and concerns from the City Council. The final version of the Zero Emission Bus Rollout Plan is now prepared and ready to be approved. It will be submitted to CARB in compliance with ICT regulations, and will be used as a long-range blueprint for achieving a zero -emission bus fleet by 2040. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of zero -emissions technology and the regulatory landscape, staff may modify this Rollout Plan in the future as needed; and any substantial changes would be brought before Council for feedback and approval. FISCAL IMPACT: The Zero -Emission Bus Rollout Plan is required for compliance with CARB's ICT regulation. Failure to submit the plan by July 1, 2023 could subject the City to penalties and negatively impact future funding eligibility. Transition to a zero - emission bus fleet will require an increase in upfront costs related to vehicle procurement and infrastructure upgrades. Costs will be paid for out of Transit funds; the General Fund will not be impacted. APPROVED: - - — Stephen Schwabauer, City Manager \\cvcfilv02\pubwks$\Transit\12) Procurements & RFPs\ZEB Rollout Plan Study\Draft_CC ZEB Rollout Plan_FH_JT docx 5/24/2023 Adopt Resolution Approving the City of Lodi's Zero -Emission Bus Rollout Plan June 7, 2023 Page 2 FUNDING AVAILABLE: Not applicable. Andrew Keys Andrew Keys Deputy City Manager/Internal Services Director 1=(� Charles E. 8wirrillby, Jr. Public Works Director Prepared by: Frank Huang, Assistant Transportation Planner & Julia Tyack, Transportation Manager CES/FH/JT/cd Attachment cc: Utility Manager Fleet Superintendent Lodi Electric Utility Director Signature: OMAPw XVIO/ Email: akeys@lodi.gov \\cvcfilv02\pubwks$\Transit\12) Procurements & RFPs\ZEB Rollout Plan Study\Draft_CC ZEB Rollout Plan_FH_1T.docx 5/24/2023 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan City of Lodi June 2023 diI P7 t y:., :.."11� J �1 r Ge INIIIMI PA A Prepared by: **ICF 4PHTEC FUELING THE DRIVE TO HYDROGEN Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Table of Contents Section A: Transit Agency Information.................................................................................. 3 Section B: Rollout Plan General Information........................................................................4 Section C: Technology Portfolio............................................................................................... 6 MileageAnalysis........................................................................................................................................................................6 ZEBTechnologies.......................................................................................................................................................................7 Section D: Current Bus Fleet Composition and Future Bus Purchases....................10 Current Bus Fleet Composition.....................................................................................................................................10 FutureBus Purchase.............................................................................................................................................................10 Section E: Facilities and Infrastructure Modifications....................................................13 Charging and Parking Infrastructure...........................................................................................................................13 MaintenanceFacility..............................................................................................................................................................14 Section F: Providing Service in Disadvantaged Communities......................................16 Section G: Workforce Training 19 Section H: Potential Funding Sources...................................................................................20 Section I: Start-up and Scale -up Challenges....................................................................20 Appendix A: City Council's Approval....................................................................................22 ©ICF 2023 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section A: Transit Agency Information City of Lodi (dba: GrapeLine), collectively referred to Lodi Transit in this report, provides transit services to the city, including GrapeLine fixed -route service, demand responsive Dial -a -Ride (DAR) service for general public, and VineLine Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Complementary door- to-door Paratransit Service. Prior to COVID-19, it provided services for approximately 300,000 trips per year and had an annual operating budget of around $3.5 million. GrapeLine's fixed -route service runs five core routes and four express routes Monday through Friday, and four routes on Saturday.' The five core weekday fixed -route services operate roughly from 6:30 AM to 7:20 PM, with buses running every hour. The four weekday express routes offer additional capacity in the mornings (6:45 AM to 8:15 AM) and afternoons (2:30 PM to 4:00 PM), with buses running approximately every 25 minutes. On the weekends, service operates from 7:30 AM to 6:20 PM, with buses running every hour. The general public Dial -A -Ride and VineLine ADA paratransit services provide coverage within Lodi city limits, Woodbridge, Villa Cerezos Mobile Home Park, and specific destinations in Acampo. These services operate weekdays from 6:10 AM — 7:30 PM, Saturdays from 7:30 AM to 6:30 PM, and on Sundays from 7:30 AM to 3:30 PM. Currently, the Lodi transit fleet is comprised of 25 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, including eighteen (18) 26' cutaways, six (6) 32' buses, and one (1) 35' low -floor trolley. Management, marketing, planning, and vehicle maintenance are provided by City employees, while day-to-day operations are provided by a private contractor (Transdev Services, Inc. as of 2020). Lodi Transit Station, located in downtown Lodi at 24 South Sacramento Street, serves as the main passenger and operations hub for most GrapeLine and VineLine services. Lodi Transit shares its Municipal Services Center (MSC), a maintenance facility, with other city and public fleets at the location of 1331 South Ham Lane. City of Lodi is not part of a Joint Zero -Emission Bus Group. Transit Agency's Mailing Address Name of Transit Agency's Air District(s) _ Name of Transit Agency's Air Basin(s) _ Total Number of Buses in Fleet _ Population of the Urbanized Area' Contact Information of the general manager, Chief operating officer, or equivalent: Contact Name (Last Name, First Name) Title Phone Number Email 221 W. Pine Street P.O. Box 3006 Lodi, CA 95240 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District San Joaquin Valley Air Basin 25 73,090 Charles E. Swimley, Jr Public Works Director 209-333-6706 cswimley@lodi.gov 'Weekend service is expected to expand to include Sunday service from 7:30 AM to 3:30 PM in July of 2023. Express weekday routes do not operate in June and July. 2 NTD, 2020 Census Changes UZA/Population (available at: 2020 Census Changes UZA/Population (dot.gov)) CICF 2023 3 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section B: Rollout Plan General Information This ZEB Rollout Plan for City of Lodi will ensure the agency has fully transitioned its bus fleet to a zero -emission fleet by 2040, in alignment with the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation, adopted in December 2018. The regulation requires a progressive increase of an agency's new bus purchases to be zero -emission buses (ZEB) based on their fleet size. According to the ICT regulation, each agency or Joint Group's requirements are based on its classification as either a "Large Transit Agency' or a "Small Transit Agency." Based on its definition, Lodi Transit is categorized as a small transit agency and must comply with the following requirements: • By July 1, 2023 - Governing body approved Rollout Plan must be submitted to CARB • Starting January 1, 2026 - 25 percent of new bus purchases must be ZEBs • Starting January 1, 2029 - 100 percent of all new bus purchases must be ZEBs • By January 1, 2040 -100 percent of the fleet must be ZEBs • March 2021 - Annual compliance report due to CARB Lodi Transit's Rollout Plan was developed based on the ICT ZEB purchase requirements for small transit agencies along with its current purchasing schedules, model years and lifetime of the existing fleet, daily mileage requirements, and total cost of ownership (TCO) considerations. Lodi Transit's fleet will be fully served by ZEBs by 2036, four years ahead of the 2040 ICT requirement, as detailed in Section D. The last non-ZEB (gasoline) vehicles will be purchased in 2025 to help mitigate near-term costs. After this, ZEB purchases will occur in 2029 through 2034, with more than half of the ZEB fleet vehicles purchases by 2031. The planned schedule assumes a 1-2 year delay between vehicle purchase and delivery. The bus replacement schedule has been designed to allow each bus to serve its full useful lifetime, without any early retirements. Post -transition, Lodi's fixed -route services will primarily be served by medium-size (29'-35') battery electric (BE) bus and BE cutaways (26'), while DAR services will primarily be served by BE cutaways (26'). The ranges per charge provided by market meet most of the needs by the transit daily operation, as presented in Section C. As such, the new BEB fleet will form a 1:1 replacement of the baseline powered by internal combustion engines (ICE). Lodi Transit will phase in over -night charging infrastructure, with electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) installation at the same time of bus purchases, prioritizing the Lodi Transit Station as a primary dwelling and charging location. Additional charging capacity will be installed at a new parking lot, adjacent to the Lodi Transit Station at the North side. Ground mounted dual port chargers will be installed such that there is a 1:1 vehicle to charger ratio. The charging infrastructure was planned with the considerations of eight hours overnight charging and needs of daily charging for all buses. A new dedicated transformer (at least 500 kVA) will be added to the new parking lot to accommodate the incremental power demand of BEBs. As ZEB technologies are rapidly evolving, this Rollout Plan will be used as guidance for ZEB transition. Findings and recommendations in this report could be updated at the time of implementation. This ZEB Rollout Plan was approved by the Lodi City Council on June 7, 2023. The Council's approval is documented in Appendix A. ©ICF 2023 4 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi This rollout plan was developed by ICF and HTEC in collaboration with the City of Lodi. For additional information on the rollout plan, please contact: Julia Tyack, Transportation Manager 221 W. Pine Street Lodi, CA 95240 209-333-6706 ©ICF 2023 5 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section C: Technology Portfolio Two types of ZEBs are commercially viable to transit agencies: battery electric buses (BEB) and fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs). Both BEBs and FCEBs are electric vehicle technologies that do not rely on an internal combustion engine (ICE); a major core difference from the technology -side is that BEBs (and battery electric vehicles in general) run on batteries that need to be recharged, while FCEBs produce their electricity on -board through the supply of hydrogen via a fuel cell. Both BEBs and FCEBs have pros and cons. BEBs are currently preferred at initial ZEB transition stages due to greater market availability of models and the flexibility of scaling. For example, fleets may trial lower numbers of vehicles or chargers without excessive space demands or fueling infrastructure investments. BEBs also have lower upfront vehicle costs, with higher energy efficiency and lower operational costs. The major downside of BEBs is that current technology offers limited range which requires regular charging for several hours and can impact their availability. FCEBs can have longer ranges than BEBs, which make them more suitable for longer routes. This, combined with their quick fueling, make them more flexible than BEBs. Limited market availability of bus model as well as higher upfront capital costs, especially for refueling infrastructure, pose a large challenge. BEBs are identified as the technology for Lodi Transit's ZEB transition in this Rollout Plan. The service range of currently available BEBs can cover 100 percent, or at least 90 percent, of the existing routes. As technologies evolve, BEBs (particularly battery electric cutaways) with ranges that exceed Lodi's current route length needs, are expected to become commercially available. In this report, several analyses have been done to help to understand vehicle operation and range needs, and to identify potential vehicle types for replacement, as well as infrastructure needs. Mileage Analysis One third of Lodi Transit's existing cutaways are used to support a mixture service of fixed -route and DAR; additionally, vehicles supporting fixed -route services may alternate which route they serve on a given day. As such, the maximum average daily mileage of each vehicle was estimated to scope the technology needs for a 1:1 ZEB vehicle replacement. Various data sources were referenced to estimate daily mileage between 2019 and 2022, including (1) odometer readings from maintenance records, (2) monthly start and end odometer summaries from inspection reports, and (3) fueling mileage readings collected from the fueling system. To be conservative, the mileage analysis aimed to estimate the near -maximum daily mileage for each vehicle in operation. For odometer readings, daily mileage was estimated by dividing the miles traveled between fueling records by the number of days that had gone by (which included day-to- day readings as well). The 97th 95th and 90th percentiles for individual vehicles were then estimated from those mileages. Daily mileage estimates were also derived from the maximum monthly mileage (based on driver/mechanic records) between August 2021 and November 2022, and an estimated number of operating days (5-7 days, depending on bus mode, for four weeks each month). This data is summarized in Figure 1. ©ICF 2023 6 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan - City of Lodi Figure 1. Mileage Analysis Summary 200 150 100 50 o O O O MB ('32) 1 - DR ('26) i MB ('26) ■ N M V In 1 O O N M V 0 0 N W m O N M � -t 0 (0 r, W O O L0 LO 7 O b pO O p O O O O O p O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 5-) O O O O O O O O O O ■ 97th Percentile from Odometer Data ■ 95th Percentile from Odometer Data ■ 90th Percentile from Odometer Data • Monthly Mileage Summary Estimate *Some data was missing for vehicle 10-055. MB = Primary Bus (fixed -route) vehicle, DR = Primary Demand Response service vehicle Based on this analysis, general mileage ranges were assigned for the various vehicle groups and related to the planned ZEB purchase schedule, as summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Daily Mileage Ranges by Vehicle Group Based on Mileage Analysis Fixed Route or MB Bus (32'-35') 12 180+ Fixed Route or MB Cutaway (26') 8 160+ Dial -A -Ride or DR Cutaway (26') 8 150+ ZEB Technologies The current BEB technologies can support the mileage needs presented in Table 1, while being the most cost-effective option, both in terms of upfront and lifetime operational costs. Furthermore, there are currently more BEB options available on the market. While FCEBs provide longer ranges and operational flexibility, higher capital costs in vehicles and hydrogen station infrastructure and operational costs in hydrogen fuel make it a less viable option for Lodi Transit at this time. As technologies evolve, Lodi Transit may still consider incorporation of FCEBs into the ZEB replacement plan should these options become more cost effective or present other beneficial trade-offs in the future. Particularly, a future hydrogen production facility in the immediate region may make hydrogen and its refueling stations less expensive. Several commercially available BE cutaways were identified, according to the mileage ranges needs presented in Table 1, based on ICF's EV library which contains up-to-date information about ©ICF 2023 7 II III lilll�ll�llll�l�l�llll I II II III IIIIIIII II IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIV'�III�III II IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIVIIIIIIIII N M V In 1 O O N M V 0 0 N W m O N M � -t 0 (0 r, W O O L0 LO 7 O b pO O p O O O O O p O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 5-) O O O O O O O O O O ■ 97th Percentile from Odometer Data ■ 95th Percentile from Odometer Data ■ 90th Percentile from Odometer Data • Monthly Mileage Summary Estimate *Some data was missing for vehicle 10-055. MB = Primary Bus (fixed -route) vehicle, DR = Primary Demand Response service vehicle Based on this analysis, general mileage ranges were assigned for the various vehicle groups and related to the planned ZEB purchase schedule, as summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Daily Mileage Ranges by Vehicle Group Based on Mileage Analysis Fixed Route or MB Bus (32'-35') 12 180+ Fixed Route or MB Cutaway (26') 8 160+ Dial -A -Ride or DR Cutaway (26') 8 150+ ZEB Technologies The current BEB technologies can support the mileage needs presented in Table 1, while being the most cost-effective option, both in terms of upfront and lifetime operational costs. Furthermore, there are currently more BEB options available on the market. While FCEBs provide longer ranges and operational flexibility, higher capital costs in vehicles and hydrogen station infrastructure and operational costs in hydrogen fuel make it a less viable option for Lodi Transit at this time. As technologies evolve, Lodi Transit may still consider incorporation of FCEBs into the ZEB replacement plan should these options become more cost effective or present other beneficial trade-offs in the future. Particularly, a future hydrogen production facility in the immediate region may make hydrogen and its refueling stations less expensive. Several commercially available BE cutaways were identified, according to the mileage ranges needs presented in Table 1, based on ICF's EV library which contains up-to-date information about ©ICF 2023 7 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi currently available and soon -to -be -released EV models. The analysis also relies on ICF's proprietary Fleet Assessment Tool (version 2.5), which ingests existing fleet data and assumptions to provide recommendations on appropriate ZEB technologies to replace existing fleet vehicles, propose retirement schedules, and make cost comparisons. The currently available BE cutaways usually use Class 4, such as E-450, F-450, GMC Savana 4500, Chevrolet Express 4500, or similar platforms with 150-160 miles of range on a single charger. Specification of some BE cutaway makes/models are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Currently Available Battery Electric Cutaway Makes and Models GreenPower EV STAR 25' 118 kWh 150 miles • Altoona certified Motor . 20 seating capacity Company . ADA side or rear GreenPower AV STAR 25' 118 kWh 150 miles • Altoona certified Motor . Fully autonomous Company . ADA side or rear Lightning 20'-34' 80-160 kWh 80-160 • 12-33 seating capacity eMotors miles • ADA • Vehicle -to -grid (V2G) Phoenix ZEUS 400 22' 156 kWh 160 miles • ADA Perimeter Motorcars Shuttle • 25 seating capacity Note that some of Lodi Transit's cutaways are used to primarily serve fixed routes, and current available BE cutaway ranges may not be able to fulfill the service on some blocks (e.g., more than 160 miles per weekday) for an entire operation day on a single charge. Considering future technology improvements, this plan assumes that BE cutaways will eventually meet the range requirements of Lodi Transit in the next 5-10 years, which makes it possible to have a 1:1 (conventional bus to ZEB) replacement. This assumption is used to account for future ZEB bus procurements and charging infrastructure rollout. In addition, Lodi Transit may need to consider managed charging solutions and modifications to vehicle -block assignments With parking space and seating capacity considerations, Lodi Transit favors medium sized standard buses. Several 29-35' BEBs were identified as replacements for vehicles that primarily serve fixed routes with daily maximum ranges of 180 miles or more, as showed in Table 3. ©ICF 2023 8 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Table 3. Currently Available Medium -Size (29'-35') Battery Electric Bus Makes and Models _ ..1Additional ilotes ARBOC Specialty Equess 30' 350- 437 kWh 210-230 miles . 33 seating capacity and 6 Vehicles CHARGE 35' wheelchair spaces EI Dorado Axess 32' 518 kWh 185 miles • 27-35 seating capacity National- EVO- BE 35' California (ENC) _ 240 miles • 29 seating Proterra ZX5 35' 440 kWh • 1.9 hours of charge time with 180 kW plug-in charger 196 miles • 20+1 seating capacity and 2 Build Your OMER 30' 313-391 kWh Dreams (BYD) K8M 35' wheelchair spaces • 2-2.5 hours of charge time for OMER and 3-3.5 hours of charge time for K8M Xcelsior 35' 435 kWh New Flyer 211 miles • 32 seating capacity and 2 CHARGE wheelchair spaces NG • Interoperable charging infrastructure options 150 - 200 miles • 20 seating capacity with 2 Gillig ePlus 29' 296 - 444 kWh 35' wheelchair spaces for 29' model; 31 seating capacity for 35' model ©ICF 2023 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan - City of Lodi Section D: Current Bus Fleet Composition and Future Bus Purchases Current Bus Fleet Composition Lodi Transit's current fleet is composed of 25 CNG buses, including eighteen (18) 26' cutaways, six (6) 32' buses, and one (1) 35's low -floor trolly. As shown in Figure 2, among 18 cutaways, 13 are primarily used for demand response services, and 5 are primarily used for fixed route services. The rest of the fleet is dedicated to fixed route services. Table 4 shows Lodi Transit's current fleet inventory grouped by vehicle model year, make and model, and primary service mode. Table 4. Current Vehicle Inventory Figure 2. Lodi Transit Fleet by Size and Services 30 20 26' Cutaway (dial -a -ride) ■ 26' Cutaway (fixed route) 32' Bus (fixed route) 10 © 35' Bus (fixed route) C Lodi Transit 13 2014 26' CNG Cutaway Chevrolet ARBOC DR 2023 Spirit of Mobility G4500 I (26' Gasoline Cutaway) 5 2018 26' CNG Cutaway Chevrolet GLAVAL MB 2025 Titan II G4500 (26' Gasoline I 6 2012 32' CNG Bus EI Dorado MB 2022 EZ Rider II (29' CNG Bus) 1 2018 35' CNG Bus Gillig MB 2029 Low -Floor Trolly (35' CNG Bus) Lodi Transit currently follows default useful life values, 8 -year for cutaways and 12 -year for buses, to plan a vehicle procurement and replacement schedules. In December 2022, Lodi procured six 29' CNG flow floor buses from Gillig to replace the existing six 32' CNG buses with a model year of 2012. The CNG buses are expected to be placed in operation in 2024. In addition, Lodi Transit is planning to procure twelve 26' gasoline cutaways from ARBOC in 2023 to replace the current thirteen 26' CNG cutaways which are primarily used for demand response. The rest of the cutaways are also potentially to be replaced by gasoline vehicles instead of CNG in 2025 to form the baseline for fleet analysis. In this case, before the phase-in of ZEB purchase requirements for a small transit agency by January 1, 2026, Lodi Transit will have a baseline fleet with 24 vehicles, 17 of which are gasoline cutaways and 7 of which are CNG buses (six 29' and one 35'). Future Bus Purchases In accordance with ICT regulation, Lodi Transit will prioritize ZEB purchases and progressively increase the percentage of ZEB purchases over time from 2026. Based on the above analysis, the last conventional bus is expected to be purchased in 2025. Additionally, based on buses' lifetimes, no purchases will occur between 2026 and 2028. The 100 percent ZEB purchase requirement phases in in 2029. Table 5 shows the current and future bus purchase schedule through 2040. ©ICF 2023 10 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Table 5. Current and Future Bus Purchase Schedule Year 2022 2023 2024 tal Bus 6 12 0 L • 777710% O 0 d2�jwrrp��� 0% 0% 7- 67100% Conventional % Bus Purchases •- T Fuel Type Standard (29') CNG Cutaway (26') Gasoline 2025 5 O 0% % Cutaway (26) Gasoline 2026 0 0 0% 0 0% 2027 O O 0% O O% 2028 0 0 0% 0 0% 2029 1 1 100% Bus (29'-35') BEB (180+ miles) O O% 2030 O O 0% 0 0% 2031 12 12 100% Cutaway (26') BEB (150+ miles) 0 0% 2032 0 0 0 0 0% 2033 5 5 100% Cutaway (26') BEB (160+ miles) 0 0% 2034 6 6 100% Bus (29'-35') BEB (180+ miles) 0 0% 2035 0 0 0% 0 0% 2036 0 0 0% 0 0% 2037 0 0 0% 0 0% 2038 0 0 0% 0 0% 2039 0 0 0% 0 0% 2040 0 0 0% 0 0% As planned, all Lodi Transit's new bus purchases beginning 2029 will be ZEBs. No early retirement will occur as Lodi Transit's future bus purchase and replacement schedule is based on buses' useful lifetimes. Considering 1-2 years delay between bus purchase and delivery, Lodi Transit is expected to have 100% ZEBs in the fleet by 2036, as presented in Figure 3. It should be noted that this is contingent on the availability of funding, feasibility of BEB technology to meet Lodi Transit's range requirements, and completion of charging infrastructure and facility enhancements. Conventional bus conversions to ZEB technologies are not currently being considered. This rollout plan is based on new purchases of ZEBs only. Figure 3. ZEB Fleet Transition from 2022 to 2040. 25 0 5 1* 0 Lo�L OP L61P Loth L0`� l6", Lo�O Lo�O�oO 103 Lo�rL on�3 LO�� LO�h Los��o 1on�l Lo�� Lo3 10 0 ICE - Bus ■ ICE - Cutaway ZEB - Bus ZEB - Cutaway ©ICF 2023 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Table 6 shows the estimated ZEB procurement capital cost and required BEB range. The cost of each bus technology over time was estimated using Lodi's most recent CNG and gasoline bus procurement quotes, the latest collected industry BEB quotes, and the anticipated change in the cost of each technology over time, predicted by CARB's supplemental cost analysis for the ICT regulation. Bus procurement costs are expected to increase over time, and BEBs are more costly than CNG buses today and in the future. The cost increase can be attributed to several factors, including inflation, expected technological improvements, and extra costs for conventional buses associated with stricter greenhouse gas (GHG) emission regulations. As these stricter policies come into play, the incremental cost between BEBs and conventional bus technologies is expected to decrease. Table 6. Estimated Bus Capital Cost of Future ZEB Purchases Year No. of ZEB Bus Type FuelType Estimated Cost (million USD) 2029 1 Bus (29'-35') BEB $1.0 2031 12 Cutaway (26) BEB $3.1 2033 5 Cutaway (26) BEB $1.3 2034 6 Bus (29'-35') BEB $6.5 ©ICF 2023 12 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section E: Facilities and Infrastructure Modifications Lodi Transit Station, located in downtown Lodi at 24 South Sacramento Street, serves as the main transfer point for most services. Lodi Transit also shares MSC, a maintenance facility located at 1331 South Ham Lane, with other city and public fleets. Lodi Transit's transition to a ZEB fleet will require a number of modifications and changes to the existing facilities and infrastructure. These changes include installation of EVSEs, additional electrical capacity, and modification of parking strategy and infrastructure. These modifications will occur at Lodi Transit's Transit Station. No specific modifications due to ZEB transition are planned at MSC. Charging and Parking Infrastructure To estimate charging infrastructure needs, the following key assumptions are made to evaluate number and level of chargers to develop the EVSE rollout plan: • Daily electricity consumption (kWh) is estimated based on maximum daily mileage and energy efficiency (kWh per mile); • Average of 8 hours of charging time per vehicle; • 1:1 vehicle to charger port ratio, with dual port chargers, meaning one charger will provide power for two charging dispensers; All buses need to be charged daily To support a fleet of 24 BEBs, Lodi Transits needs a total of 13 dual port chargers with 1:1 vehicle to charging port ratio, including 4 Direct -Current Faster Charger (DCFC) for standard buses (29'-35'), and 9 level 2 (L2) chargers. Assessing efficacy, costs, and spatial requirements, ground mounted plug-in chargers could be most viable for Lodi Transit. The maximum power level is 85.6 kW for DCFS and 31.2 kW for L2, resulting in a total incremental power demand of 623 kW. As shown in Figure 4, this Rollout Plan also assumes that EVSE purchases and installation phase-in at the same time of bus purchase, which is 1-2 years ahead of bus operation. Due to factors such as permitting, construction, and product availability, there may be a delay in completing the installation of charging stations. Thus, it is recommended that the procurement process for EVSE occurs prior to bus delivery. Figure 4. EVSE Rollout Plan and Power Demand R O 6 a0 4 o CO O U 4t 2 WE L2 DCFC • Power Demand (kW) 2029 2031 2033 2034 300 200 ca F W 100 O O o_ 0 The procurement and installation cost of each electric charger type was estimated based on previously obtained quotes and literature reviews. The installation costs do not include anticipated construction costs such as trenching, digging, and other expenses. The resulting charger capacity ©ICF 2023 13 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi and estimate equipment and installation costs to support the charging of buses and cutaways is shown in Table 7. Table 7. Estimated Equipment and Installation Costs of Future EVSEs 2029 1 (2 Bu35') 85.6 $50,500 $53,000 2031 6 Cutaway _ (26') 31.2 $99,000 $156,000 2033 3 Cutaway 31.2 $49,500 $78,000 (26') 85.6 2034 3 (2 Bu35') $151,500 $159,000 Currently, the fleet uses both Lodi Transit Station and MSC as major dwelling locations. Lodi Transit Station has a total of 20 parking spaces, with angled parking for cutaways, and parallel parking along the railway for standard buses, as shown in Figure 5. Lodi Transit also shares parking at MSC with other public fleets (e.g., vehicles for Lodi Electric Utility and Public Works Department), including 7 parking spaces for cutaways and 10 for standard buses. Due to right-of-way of the Transit Station parking lot partially belonging to the railroad, charging infrastructure cannot be installed adjacent to the platform. Furthermore, no electrical capacity is forecasted to be available at MSC due to future installation and use of charging stations for non -Transit vehicles, in compliance with Advanced Clean Fleet (ACF) regulations. Parking constraints at the Lodi Transit Station and MSC led to the exploration of additional parking lot and bus charging sites. Instead, as indicated in Figure 5, the Transit Station's northern surface parking lot at the corner of Sacramento Street and Pine Street is being considered for conversion and EVSE installation. The lights in this parking lot are energized by the panel for the Transit Station, which is currently supported by two 75 kVA transformers with available capacity of approximately 100 kW. With the incremental power demand from EVSE installation, a new transformer (at least 500 kVA) is needed. There will also be additional construction and enhancement in terms of boring, trenching, conduit, vault placement, paving, fencing, etc. It is estimated that the new transformer along with the additional facility improvements will cost approximately $200,000. In addition to this surface lot, Lodi Transit may also consider utilizing its Parking Structure, located directly north of East Pine Street. Pending bus heights and length, the first floor may be a suitable location for additional parking. $103,500 $255,000 $127,500 $310,500 Figure 5. Bus Parking Spaces at Lodi Transit Station (red boxed) and Future Conversion of Bus Parking Lot (blue boxed) ©ICF 2023 14 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Maintenance Facility The maintenance facility, MSC, is located at 1331 South Ham Lane. It has 8 bays in total, with 6 of them supporting transit bus maintenance. After regular maintenance or repairs, buses are currently driven back to the Lodi Transit Station or parked overnight in MSC's parking area. In upcoming years, multiple chargers for medium and heavy-duty vehicles will be installed in this area in order to support the electrification of the City's non -transit fleet. Two new 500 kVa transformers will be installed to accommodate the increased charging load. It is expected that BEBs will continue to be maintained at the MSC site, but transit buses will not be regularly charging in the vicinity. Table 8 summarizes the facility and infrastructure modifications required to support the Lodi Transit's ZEB transition. Table 8. Summary of Facility and Infrastructure Modifications A new transformer installation (at least 500 kVA), including additional construction and enhancement 24 2028 $200,000 (boring, trenching, conduit, vault placement etc.). Lodi Transit Station — 1 2029 including surface lot (24 1 dual port DCFC charger (2 ports) $103,500 S. Sacramento Street). 6 dual port L2 chargers (12 ports) $255,000 12 2031 3 dual port L2 chargers (6 ports) 5 2033$127,500 3 dual port DCFC charger (6 ports) $310,500 6 2034 ©ICF 2023 15 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section F: Providing Service in Disadvantaged Communities The map below (Figure 6) shows Lodi Transit's (weekday) service coverage along with California Climate Investments Priority Populations (2022) (based on data from CalEnviroScreen 4.0).3 The Lodi Transit fixed route system has 39 stops located within Lodi's five census tracts that are designated as SB535 Disadvantaged Communities (DAC) and 60 stops located within Lodi's five census tracts that are designated as low-income communities. Of the 60 stops located in a low- income community, 39 are located within a 1/2 mile of a DAC. Every fixed route line in Lodi's system (Weekday, Weekend, and Express) directly services at least one low-income community, or a low- income community within a 1/2 mile of a DAC. All but two fixed routes directly serve DACs. Lodi's fixed route system is intentionally designed to serve Priority Populations. Figure 6. Lodi Transit Routes and Priority Populations' 0 t 2.1 J City of Lodi Bourdary Lodi Transit Bus Stops _odi Transit Weekday Routes —Bus Route 1 — Bus Route 2 —Bus Route 3 —Bus Route 4 —Bus Route 5 Disadvantaged and Low-income Communities Low-income Communities Low-income Communities within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Ccmmunitit Low-income Households within 172 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 1 'moi% 2 mi Census tracts and their designation in or adjacent to Lodi Transit's core service area (i.e., visible in the map to the right) are detailed in Table 9. The transition to ZEBs can have positive impacts on local air quality and public health. The San Joaquin Valley air basin is one of two air basins in the country that are "classified as 'Extreme'—the 3 California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). CalEnviroScreen 4.0. Available at: https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40, released on October 13, 2021. 'Disadvantaged and Low - Income Communities' in Figure 6 were compiled from CalEnviroScreen 4.0 via CARB's California Climate Investments map, which also includes additional low-income communities data. The California Climate Investments map can be accessed athttps://webmaps.arb.ca.gov/PriorityPopulations/. Note all disadvantaged communities in the area (as defined by CalEnviroScreen 4.0) are also low-income communities (as defined by the California Climate Investments map). As such, the 'Disadvantaged and Low-income Communities' in Figure 6 align with the disadvantaged communities exported from CalEnviroScreen 4.0: https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/lc2lc53da8de48f]b946f3402fbae55c/page/SB-535- Disadvantaged-Communities/ 4 Note the one stop not overlapping with any routes is part of Lodi Transit's Bus Route 5 Deviation service. ©ICF 2023 16 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi worst category—for nonattainment of the federal ozone standard of 70 parts per billion (ppb)". While vehicles with internal combustion engines produce both air pollutants (e.g., PM, NOJ and greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4) emissions via tailpipes, BEBs will produce no tailpipe emissions, helping the region improve compliance with federal air quality standards and subsequently improve public health conditions. This will also help support equity in the region, given air quality improvements around disadvantaged communities can help these communities combat their disproportionate rates of environmental burdens. Table 9. Priority Populations (2022) Within or Adjacent to Lodi Transit's Core Service Area 6077004308 Disadvantaged and Low-income Communities Disadvantaged and Low-income Communities Disadvantaged and Low-income Communities Disadvantaged and Low-income Communities Disadvantaged and Low-income Communities 6077004403 6077004404 6077004502 6077004501 6077004307 Low-income Communities 6077004204 Low -Income Communities 6077004302 Low -Income Communities 6077004402 Low -Income Communities 6077004203 Low -Income Communities 6077004203 Low -Income Communities within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 6077004204 Low -Income Communities within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 6077004302 Low -Income Communities within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 6077004307 Low -Income Communities within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 6077004402 Low -Income Communities within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 6077004102 Low -Income Households within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 6077004202 Low -Income Households within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities 6077004600 Low -Income Households within 1/2 mile of Disadvantaged Communities Note: some Census Tracts are split and have multiple designations. ©ICF 2023 17 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section G: Workforce Training Lodi Transit will require training as BEB technology is deployed to ensure safe and efficient practices are being used. There are several different training programs Lodi Transit can participate in, including training from vehicle OEMs, technology suppliers, and infrastructure providers. Lodi Transit can also receive training with courses offered by other transit agencies and outside programs, such as the West Coast Center of Excellence in Zero Emission Technology (CoEZET) hosted by SunLine Transit Agency. Lodi Transit can adopt a "train the trainer" approach by which key operations and maintenance personnel, such as lead technicians and supervisors, should participate in the OEM training programs to bring the technical expertise and knowledge in-house. Lodi will also look for the OEMs of the BEBs to provide safety and hands-on maintenance training for 10-12 of its lead maintenance personnel. After participating in and completing the program, the technicians should capture the learnings and create an in-house training program to train the rest of Lodi Transit's operations and maintenance staff on the specific knowledge and skills required for each role. Battery Electric Bus Training Training that should be provided by the selected OEM (e.g., Proterra, New Flyer, BYD) in the following areas: 1. Bus introduction • Provide maintenance technicians or other yard personnel who need to be aware of bus operation during the initial acceptance and launch period. This introduction will provide familiarization orientation for them. 2. Safety Training • Provide operator trainers, supervisors, or bus operators with safety training on high voltage safety awareness, personal protective equipment (PPE), safety measures, and preventive maintenance. 3. Operator Training • A general training program for supervisors, operator trainers, and bus operators should take place to help transition from internal combustion engines to zero - emission systems. 4. Structural composites training • Additional hands-on training for structural composites repairs on buses should be scheduled for maintenance technicians. 5. Bus maintenance and repair training • Bus maintenance and repair training should also be provided for routine maintenance technicians. This training should cover air systems, brakes, steering/suspension, door operations, electrical/multiplex systems (from schematics to ladder logics), and computer and diagnostic systems, to provide troubleshooting pathways. BEB Charging Infrastructure Training Training should be provided by the selected equipment vendor in the following areas: ©ICF 2023 18 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi 1. Charging infrastructure maintenance training • Charging infrastructure maintenance training is typically offered to technicians. Charging infrastructure maintenance training covers electrical requirements, equipment maintenance, safety procedures, and troubleshooting common issues. 2. Emergency first responder training • This training is provided to Lodi Fire Department representatives as well as Lodi Transit's onsite first responder staff. Table 10 shows the detailed workforce training plan. The information is based on general training outlines provided by OEMs and does not reflect a mandatory curriculum. Lodi Transit can structure its staff training fully around the OEM training programs or a combination of OEM training and other coursework offered through organizations. Table 10. Workforce Training Plan ---T— I Env Training Trainee's raining Training '�raining _-Estimated Year Program/ Purpose of Training Provider Positions IrHours Frequen Class cy Costs/ Class BEB Training Plan Maintenance technicians or other yard personnel who Bus Overview of the bus BEB OEM need to be aware 16 One time TBD Introduction of bus operation during initial acceptance and launch period high voltage safety awareness, personal Maintenance Safety protective equipment technicians or (PPE), safety BEB OEM 30 One time TBD 2029 Training measures, and other yard personnel preventive maintenance Operator trainers, Operator Training Operator orientation BEB OEM supervisors, or 16 One time TBD bus operators Structural Hands-on training for Composites structural composites BEB OEM Maintenance 24 One time TBD technicians Training repairs on buses Bus Training of bus Maintenance maintenance BEB OEM Maintenance 32 One time TBD and repair technicians on routine technicians Training servicing Electric Charging Infrastructure Training Plan Charger Charger Training of charger Electric Infrastructure Maintenance infrastructure Charger 16 One Time TBD Training maintenance Vendor maintenance technicians 2029 Emergency First responder Electric Lodi Transit first First training on electrical Responder buses and Charger responder 4 One Time TBD Training I infrastructure Vendor representatives ©ICF 2023 19 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section H: Potential Funding Sources Table 11 summarizes potential funding opportunities to offset the capital cost of ZEB procurement and infrastructure. Table 11. Summary Potential Funding Opportunities ©ICF 2023 20 Name FTA 5307 Urbanized Area Formula Grants Purpose Bus procurement, related facilities, and operating expenses FTA 5339 (a) Bus and Bus Facilities Program Bus procurement and related facilities Formula FTA 5310 Enhanced Mobility of Seniors & Individuals with Disabilities Program Support the transportation needs of seniors and individuals with disabilities State of Good Repair (SGR) (SBI) Bus procurement and related facilities FTA 5339 (b) Bus & Bus Facilities Bus procurement and related facilities FTA 5339 (c) Low or No Emission Vehicle ZEB procurement and related facilities Competitive Caltrans Low Carbon Transit Operations Program Transit agency GHG emissions reduction CaISTA Transit and Intercity Rail Capital Program Transit agency GHG emissions reduction California Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) Improvement Program Transit agency GHG emissions reduction The Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Trust for California ZEB procurement Voucher Hybrid and Zero -Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) ZEB procurement Market Credit Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Credits LCFS credits generated from use of low carbon transportation fuels, such as electricity and hydrogen ©ICF 2023 20 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Section I: Start-up and Scale -up Challenges The Lodi Transit is eager to fulfill the ICT regulations and transition to a ZEB fleet. While the plan put forth in this document presents a clear pathway for this transition, the transit agency is anticipating how various challenges may arise during the transition process. Major challenges are summarized in this section. Incremental Cost and Funding. While there will be various operational, infrastructure installation, and technology procurement challenges associated with the transition to a ZEB fleet, funding remains the greatest challenge for Lodi Transit. Although ZEBs have significantly lower operating costs, these cost savings will take some time to be realized. Initial upfront costs for BEBs remain high. In addition to BEB capital costs, infrastructure costs related to equipment and installation of EVSEs and additional transformer to meet power demand are not trivial. Overall, external financial support from federal and state governments for initial procurement and workforce development programs will be critical to support efficient ZEB transitions under the ICT regulation. Procurement. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains, including those related to vehicle manufacturing and delivery. The ZEB transition plan assumes a 1-2 year delay between vehicle purchase and delivery; however, continued supply chain disruptions could cause additional unanticipated delays. While procuring many vehicles in the same year could help potentially reduce per -vehicle costs, feasibility may be impacted through manufacturing or delivery delays. A centralized, state -led procurement management and purchasing process to purchase ZEBs in bulk from manufacturers at pre -negotiated costs could aid agencies' ability to procure vehicles in a reasonable timeframe. Similar systems exist for other use cases, e.g., Cal-ITP's Mobility Marketplace for fare collection -related procurement needs. Parking and infrastructure capacities. Lodi transit's existing parking locations between Lodi Transit Station and MSC cannot support the ZEB transition. This is largely due to a constrained number of spaces at Lodi Transit Center, limited electrical capacity, and right-of-way rules. Because of this, the transit agency will need to look for a conversion of a public parking lot north of Lodi Transit Center to accommodate ZEB fleet charging and parking. Limited Availability of Long -Range and Tested Cutaways. The BEB technology is rapidly evolving. The current suite of BEBs, particularly for cutaways, on the market is limited, but new vehicle models will continue to emerge at different cost points with different ranges. Additionally, current trade-offs between BEBs and FCEBs may evolve as their respective technologies do. Workforce Training. To support the ZEB transition, staff will need training on operations, maintenance, and management of ZEBs. In-depth training will be necessary both to ensure optimal operating conditions (including optimizing vehicle ranges through efficient driving behaviors) as well as staff buy -in for the technologies (which may translate to community buy -in through future education campaigns). Managerial staff will also need to be familiarized with ZEB operations and safety procedures. ©ICF 2023 21 Zero -Emission Bus (ZEB) Rollout Plan — City of Lodi Appendix A: City Council's Approval ©ICF 2023 22 RESOLUTION NO. 2023-124 A RESOLUTION OF THE LODI CITY COUNCIL APPROVING THE CITY OF LODI'S ZERO -EMISSION BUS ROLLOUT PLAN WHEREAS, California Code of Regulations Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 1, Article 4.3, Part 2023.1(d) Zero Emissions Bus Rollout Plan Requirements requires that a transit agency Zero -Emission Bus Rollout Plan must be approved by its governing Board; and WHEREAS, Zero -Emission Bus Rollout Plan sets forth the City of Lodi's plan which meets the following requirements: • A goal of full transition to zero -emission buses by 2040 with careful planning that avoids early retirement of conventional internal combustion engine buses; • Identification of the types of zero -emission bus technologies City of Lodi is planning to deploy; • A schedule for zero -emission and conventional internal combustion engine bus purchases and lease options; • A schedule for conversion of conventional internal combustion engine buses to zero -emission technologies; • A schedule for construction of facilities and infrastructure modifications or upgrades, including charging, fueling, and maintenance facilities, to deploy and maintain zero -emission buses; • Explanation of how City of Lodi plans to deploy zero -emission buses in Disadvantaged Communities; • A training plan and schedule for zero -emission bus operators and maintenance and repair staff; and • Identification of potential funding sources. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Lodi City Council does hereby approve the City of Lodi's Zero -Emission Bus Rollout Plan as set forth in full; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that insofar as the provisions of any Ordinance, Resolution, document, or previous action of the Council and/or the City Manager, prior to the date of this Resolution, are inconsistent with the provisions of this Resolution or any policy adopted by this Resolution, this Resolution and the Council Policies adopted herein shall control. Dated: June 7, 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ I hereby certify that Resolution No. 2023-124 was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Lodi in a regular meeting held June 7, 2023, by the following vote: AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS — Bregman, Craig, Nakanishi, Yepez, and Mayor Hothi NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS — None ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS — None ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS — None OLIVIA NASHED City Clerk 2023-124