HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda Report - November 4, 2015 Public CommentsC-16 Adopt Resolution Approving Impact Mitigation Fee Program Annual Report for
Fiscal Year 2014/15 (PW]
Adopted Resolution No. 2015-195 approving the Impact Mitigation Fee Program Annual Report
for Fiscal Year 2014/15.
C-17 Adopt Resolution Approving City of Lodi Post -Construction Stormwater Development
Standards Manual {PWS
Adopted Resolution No. 2015-196 approving the City of Lodi Post -Construction Stormwater
Development Standards Manual.
C-18 Set Public Hearing for December 16, 2015, to Consider Adopting Resolution Setting Pre -
Approved Engineering News Record Adjustment index for Usage -Based and Flat Water
Rates for Residential. Commercial, and Industrial Customers {PW]
Set a public hearing for December 16, 2015, to consider adopting a resolution setting pre -
approved Engineering News Record adjustment index for usage -based and flat water rates for
residential, commercial, and industrial customers.
D. Comments by the Public on Non -Agenda items
THE TIME ALLOWED PER NON -AGENDA ITEM FOR COMMENTS MADE BY THE
PUBLIC IS LIMITED TO FIVE MINUTES.
Public cornment may only be made on matters within the Lad[ City Council's jurisdiction
(Government _Code Section _54954.3,_Lodi _City Council Protocol Manual Section 6.31), The
Council cannot take action or deliberate on items that are not on this agenda unless there
is an emergency and the need to take action on that emergency arose after this agenda
was posted [Government Code Section 54954.2[b][2]]. All other items may only be
referred for review to staff or placement on a future Council agenda.
Mamie Starr and volunteers with the Lodi Sandhill Crane Association gave a presentation on the
2015 Sandhill Crane Festival at Hutchins Street Square from November 6 to 8. Ms. Starr
highlighted the many events, such as the awards dinner, art show and reception, 50 scheduled
tours, and presentations, including one from keynote speaker Gary Ivey from the International
Crane Foundation. Ms. Starr reported the Festival has turned into the busiest overnight stay
weekend of the year and is of great economic benefit for Lodi. Kathy Grant stated many articles
have been published on the Festival, bloggers have been discussing the event, and Fox 40
News will be at Dancing Fox to feature its Sandhill Crane bread loaf and at Woodbridge Winery to
feature its wines.
Mayor Pro Tempore Chandler commended the group for organizing this high-quality festival,
adding that it is not solely the wine industry that makes Lodi special, it is also its nature, the
Crane Festival, and the community's authenticity.
Kristin Williams with The Reuse People of America, Inc., introduced the non-profit company,
which encourages the deconstruction of residential structures and donations. She stated there
were two recently -demolished buildings in Lodi that were good candidates for this program,
including an older home south of the Wal-Mart development and another building on
Lower Sacramento Road and Woodbridge Road. Projects are more feasible because of the tax
deduction, and materials are salvaged and sold second hand. Ms. Williams added recent
legislation went into affect that increases the required landfill reduction from 50 percent to 75
percent by 2020, which makes deconstruction more of a necessity. She believed this was a
permitting issue, as well as a waste management issue, and she encouraged the City to make it a
goal to create incentives at the Community Development permitting level. Ms. Williams requested
a more thorough presentation be scheduled for a future Shirtsleeve Session.
Marilyn Hughes spoke in support of the City offering pickle ball as a sport, stating the US Pickle
Ball Association has agreed to offer demonstrations and lessons in Lodi, as well as use of
materials, if a location is provided. She encouraged Council to support the activity and approve a
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Tourties c ri t t ons " loafing" and eating. There will be special entertainment and youth -oriented activities at the field at the Turner Road Vintners wetlands. There is a required presentation for this tour
Prices in brackets [ ] are for: various stops. Wear walking shoes and bring lunch or snacks to enjoy on the bus. Water will on Saturday from 10 to 11:30 AM, and only those registered for this tour will be admitted
Adult (over 17), Youth (12-17), and Child (under 12 years). be provided. to the presentation.
BACCHUS AND BIRDS Tour #: 40 Car [$25,15,10]
Tour time: 2 hours 15 minutes Drive time: 20 min. one way
NEW! At the family -friendly Durst Winery, join local birding experts in the quest to expand
the bird list crafted especially for this tour in a mature rural landscape while enjoying a glass
of Cassandra's vintage. Bring your lunch!
BIRDING HOT SPOTS Tour #s: 5, 31 Mini -Bus [$30, 20,10]
Tour time: 4 hours Drive time: varies
Join fellow experienced birders as you visit several local hot spots of the area's many resident
and wintering birds. The differing habitats provide a great variety of birds, from shore birds
to wintering warblers. There will be short walks at every stop.
BIRDWALK THROUGH THE WILDERNESS Tour #s: 8, 33 Car [$15,10, 51
Tour time: 2 hours 30 minutes Drive time: 5 min. one way
This tour is for all skill levels! Take a leisurely walk on flat ground through the Lodi Lake
Wilderness Area with Dale Smith. Learn the basics or hone your skills in identifying
numerous resident and visiting bird species. Scout for deer, beaver, fox, possums, turtles, and
more!
COSUMNES RIVER PRESERVE Tour #s: 21, 45 Bus [$30,15, 101
Tour time: 3 hours 20 minutes
Jointly managed by 9 private and government agencies, Cosumnes River Preserve is the
finest valley oak riparian forest and wetland in California. Explore this key link on the Pacific
Flyway and learn why its management is considered a model in conservation partnerships.
Experienced tour guides will share the'back story' and guide you through the beauty of the
Preserve.
CRANE RY4N 3, 26, 27, 28, 50 Bus [$30,15,10]
Tour time: approximately 21/2 to 3 hours
This tour takes center stage as the Festival highlight! At dusk, Sandhill Cranes converge in
large groups that can number from several hundred to several thousand. Experienced
Department of Fish and Wildlife docents share the natural history of the cranes at key
roosting sites.
CRANE RY4N (STATEN ISLAND) Tour #s: 1, 22, 46 Bus [$30, 15, 10]
Tour time: 3 hours 15 minutes
More fly -in opportunities! Combine Crane Fly -In with birding Staten Island to learn what
thousands of birds already know - this is one of the best places in the Delta to spend the
winter. Experienced docents will highlight the history of this special operation and its
partnership with Cosumnes River Preserve.
CRANE FDM M OODBNDGE Eco RE5W NWR Tour #s: 2, 25, 49 Bus [$30,15,10]
Tour time: approximately 21/2 to 3 hours
Join the DFW docents for the fly -in at Department of Fish and Wildlife's Woodbridge
Ecological Reserve North Unit, which is only accessible to the public on a tour. In smaller
groups, you will view the fly -in of cranes and other birds from the comfort of a viewing
shelter, which has maps, displays, and pictorials on the cranes and their habitats.
CRANE ROVW Tour #: 37 Bus [$30,15, 10]
Tour time: 2 hours 30 minutes
During the day Sandhill Cranes may be vocalizing, feeding, dancing, flying, or resting. Bright
sunshine makes it easier to view their mud -stained wings and bright red forehead, as well
as compare adults with juveniles and Greater with Lesser Sandhill cranes. Department of
Fish and Wildlife docents will take you to them!
CRANES FOR KIDS, Tour # 42 Bus [$15,1,1]
Tour time: 3 hours
Children are the focus of this special tour, but everyone is welcome. Sit bade and relax as
the "wheels on the bus go round and round" taking you to the areas where cranes are
'P1''eseVCwoVls c Ur s U s
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 7 2015
10:30-11:20 -WILD THINGS! - Patio off Kirst Hall. Gabe and Barb Kerschner
return with some of their special animals for this fun and educational program. In
past years they have shared a mountain lion, brown bear, raccoon, Golden Eagle,
Barn Owl, and other rescued animals that could not be returned to the wild. This
presentation repeats on Saturday at 1:40 PM.
11:40 -1:30 -THE MIGHTY SALMON - Kirst Hall. Follow the journey of salmon
in the Mokelumne River using a watershed model, fish printing, and other hands-
on activities. Suitable for children from age 6 and up. Presented by Lodi Lake
Docents Kathy Grant and Virginia Moore. Repeats on Sunday at 11:40 AM:11
12:00-12:20 - TAIKO DRUMMING - Crete Hall. Welcome back Denis and
James Kurata, who will perform this ancient form of Japanese music that is always
a Festival highlight. Ta!ko drumming originated in Japan hundreds of years ago
and is now performed all around the world.
Presentation
12:30-120 - SANDHILL CRANE NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION
NEEDS IN THE PACIFIC FLYWAY - Crete Hall- Gary Ivey with the International
Crane Foundation will talk about the 3 Sandhill Crane subspecies that winter in
California, including their life history and ecology, migration routes, and wintering
and breeding areas. In addition, he will discuss their conservation needs on the
wintering grounds, focusing on the California Delta and including some of his
recent findings.
Dr. Gary Ivey leads Sandhill Crane conservation and research in western North
America for the International Crane Foundation (www.savingcranes.org).
12:30-1:15 - MISS DOROTHY PRESENTS - Thomas Theatre. A medley of
puppets and stories featuring cranes by local favorite Dorothy Maas. After the
program the children are invited to play with the puppets and use the puppet stage
and make origami cranes. Repeats on Sunday at 12:30 PM.
1:40-2:30 - WILD THINGS! - Patio off Kirst Hall.
See 10:30 AM Saturday.
2:00-5:00 - NATIVE AMERICAN FLUTE CIRCLE - Thomas Theatre. Dan
Ricketts from the Northern California Flute Circle will lead a gathering for all who
enjoy playing the Native Flute. The Flute Circle is open to all players, from
beginning to advanced. Sitting in a circle (sacred to native peoples), all musicians
take turns playing, with tips and instruction along the way. Observers are
welcome.
2:40-3:30 - BIRDS OF THE DELTA AND PACIFIC FLYWAY - Crete Hall. Local
birding expert David Yee will highlight some of the birds that use the California
Delta and other areas of the Pacitic. Flyway. The Delta has had a long-standing
reputation as one of the premier wintering locations in the west for enormous
numbers of waterfowl, shorebirds, and`raptors. There is much more than Sandhill
Cranes out there!
2:40-3:30 - OWL PELLET EXPLORATION! - Upstairs Classroom. Come learn
about the Barn Owl and dissect an owl pellet to discover what it has eaten in this
hands-on activity for children. Be a nature detective by matching up the bones in
the pellet to small mammal bone challt Parents are recommended to attend and
assist each child under 11 years old. mit 14, sign-up for this free activity at the
Oak Grove Nature Center table in t€te Exhibit Hall starting at 10 AM on Saturday.
This activity repeats on Sunday at 2: • P .
CRUISING WITH CAPTAIN MORGAN'S DELTA ADVENTURES
Tour #s: 12, 18, 36, 41 Car and Boat [$55, 45, 351
Tour time: 4 hours Drive time: 20 min. one way
NEW! Set sail with Captain Frank Morgan and an experienced local naturalist to explore the
abundant birdlife along the Mokelumne and San Joaquin rivers from the open or fully enclosed
luxury of the 55 -foot double -decked Rosemarie. Bring a lunch or snack and relax with your
favorite adult or soft beverage from the onboard no -host bar.
DELTA BIRDING CRUISE
Tour #s: 6, 11, 16, 23, 32, 39, 43, 47 Car and Boat [$45,25,15]
Tour time: 3 hours 10 minutes Drive time: 20 min. one way
Cruise along the Delta waterways through Sandhill Crane habitat with an experienced pilot and
naturalist guide. The sky fills with cranes, swans, geese, and ducks, but don't forget to keep an
eye on the banks for other birds and mammals. Docking at the Tower Park Marina provides
the opportunity to enjoy the restaurant and other amenities.
FOR THE BIRDS! ECO -FRIENDLY WINERY TOUR
Tour #: 14 Car [$25, WA, NIA]
Tour Time: 2 hours 15 minutes Drive time: 10 min. one way
Turner Road Vintners continues to be a destination highlight among Festival goers. Its
innovative eco -friendly water reclamation ponds have created a natural habitat for a variety of
birds. Get a free taste of their wine as you get a taste of the birding benefits found here.
ALL TOURS START AND END AT HUTCHINS STREET SQUARE
Please check in 20 minutes before the start of each tour.
KAYAK THE MOKELUMNE RIVER AND LODI LAKE WITH HEADWATERS KAYAK
Tour #s: 20, 34 Car and Kayak [$40, 35, NIA]
Tour time: 3 hours Drive time: 5 minutes one way
Lodi Lake and the Mokelumne River provide the rare opportunity for Crane Festival participants
to enjoy an autumn twilight or morning kayaking trip with experienced naturalist Bill Beckett
from Headwaters Kayak in Lodi. Equipment is provided. Just in case, dress to get wet, including
electronic devices.
MOKELUMNE RIVER RENDEZVOUS
Tour # 7 Car [$20,10, 51
Tour time: 3 hours 55 minutes Drive time: 30 minutes one way
Join Mokelumne River bird experts Liz West and Joanne Katanic on a short hike along the River
as it spills from Camanche Dam. Look for Western Bluebirds, Black -crowned Night Herons,
several woodpecker species, mergansers, Osprey, and other raptors flying above migrating
salmon.
PADDLE THE COSUMNES RIVER PRESERVE WITH CURRENT ADVENTURES KAYAK
Tour #s: 17, 44 Car and Kayak [$45,40, NIA]
Tour time: 4 hours Drive time: 25 minutes one way
Join kayaking expert and owner of Current Adventures Kayak, Dan Crandall, as you paddle the
calm waters of the Middle Slough at Cosumnes River Preserve. Be on the lookout for Wood
Ducks, Green and Black -crowned Night Herons, a variety of warblers, Mallards, and Scrub Jays.
All kayaking equipment will be provided. lust in case, dress to get wet, including electronic
devices.
PHOTOGRAPHING WILD BUM WITH JIM DUNN
Tour # 19 Car [$50, NIA, NIA]]
Tour Time: 2 hours 30 minutes Drive time: 10 min. one way
Jim Dunn is this year's featured Art Show photographer and one of the Festival's most popular
tour guides. Join him for this small group opportunity to discuss equipment options for wild
bird photography and learn some of the key skills and techniques to get good photographs in
3:40-4:30 -WHY SHOULD 1 CARE ABOUT BATS? - Crete Hall. Three live local
bat ambassadors will be shared at this presentation that covers the incredible
diversity of bats worldwide and locally. You will learn about some of the many special
features of bats and their essential role in the environment. Presented by JoEllen
Arnold of NorCal Bats, an organization dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, and
release of bats in Northern California.
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015
10:30 -11:20 -THE SECRET LIVES OF RAPTORS - Patio off Kirst Hall, Join Native
Bird Connections for an intimate look at the behaviors, life experiences, and personal
stories of several birds of prey. Witness hawks and owls up close and learn their
unique stories. Native Bird Connections will bring several live, non -releasable birds -
possibly a Red-tailed Hawk, Eurasian Eagle Owl, and others. This presentation repeats
on Sunday at 1:40 PM.
1`14 1' 0 -THE MIGHTY SALMON - Kirst Hall. Follow the journey of salmon
in the ok I ne River using a watershed model, fish printing, and other hands on
activities. Suita r children from age 6 and up. Presented by Lodi Lake Docents
Kathy Grant and Virginia Moore.
12:20-12:30 - 2015 CONSERVATION AWARD - Crete Hall. We will present the
2015 Sandhill Crane Festival Conservation Award to Pete Ottesen for his extensive
work in support of habitat conservation and conservation education.
'Featured Presentation
12:30-1:20 - DELTA GRANDEUR -Crete Hall. Join us for a photographic tour of
the great California Delta by Stockton photographer Rich Turner. Now one of the
world's largest and most complex water management systems, the Delta has been
transformed from sloughs and marshes by levees, land reclamation, dredging, dams,
water diversions, agriculture, and urbanization. "With my photographs of the
California Delta I have decided not to focus on the dark side, the political tug of wars
that are going on over the land, the water, the ecology, and the economy, Rather, I
focus on its beauty. When we see beauty we want to protect it,"
Rich Turner's book "Delta Grandeur The Rural Charms of Northern California's Inland
Estuary", with 119 photographs and 14 essays, will be available to purchase and the
author will be signing after his presentation, More of his photos can be viewed at
www.tumerphoto.com.
12:30-1:15 - MISS DOROTHY PRESENTS -Thomas Theatre, A medley of puppets
and stories featuring cranes by local favorite Dorothy Maas. After the program the
children are invited to play with the puppets and use the puppet stage and make
origami cranes.
1:40-2:30 -THE SECRET LIVES OF RAPTORS - Patio off Kirst Hall, See 10:30
AM Sunday.
1:40-5:30 - BIRD CARVING WORKSHOP FOR BEGINNERS ®Thomas Thgatre,
Join master carvers from the Pacific Flyway Decoy Association to learn how to carve
a bird from wood. All of the necessary materials, including a study guide and carving
knives, will be provided. Short lectures with lots of hands-on carving time will enable
you to complete a life-size Greater Yellowlegs. Suitable for ages 14 and older, class
size is limited to 8. For more information and to register during the Festival, stop by
the Pacific Flyway Decoy Association table in the Exhibit Hall. Advanced registration
is available online.
PRIVATE LIVES OF SANDHILL CRANES WITH PAUL TEBBEL
Tour #s: 4, 29 Mini -bus [$60, NIA, NIA]
Tour time: 4 hours
Back by popular demand! In the pre -dawn with Paul Tebbel, one of the world's foremost
crane experts, you will be introduced to the sounds of the cranes when they first awaken,
conjuring up visions of a prehistoric California Delta. In this comprehensive workshop you
will learn many of the common vocalizations, body language, and other behaviors of Sandhill
Cranes. Is it dancing or agression? You'll learn to recognize juveniles, tell subspecies apart,
and will better understand and appreciate Sandhill Cranes. Breakfast will be provided and
the book Private Lives of Cranes is included.
RAPTORS BY BOAT Tour #s: 10, 15, 35 Car and Boat [$40, 30, 20]
Tour Time: 4 hours 45 minutes Drive time: 45 min. one way
This is the Festival's most popular tour! Enjoy a drive through the Sierra Nevada foothills to
Pardee Res mar, where East Bay Municipal Utility District biologists will guide your search
for early amving Golden and Bald eagles and other raptors. This boat tour also offers
uncommon bird species not seen on other Crane Festival tours, including loons, grebes,
mergansers, and Buffleheads.
RIVER BIRD WALK, WINE TASTING AND PICNIC WITH DAVID YEE
Tour # 13 Car [$35, NIA, NIA]
Tour time: 3 hours 15 minutes Drive time: 15 minutes one way
Tom and Carmela Hoffman are proud to host this tour at their Heritage Oak Winery. Stroll
through picturesque vineyards and an old-growth riparian forest with renowned butler David
Yee to the private beach along the Mokelumne River where you will enjoy a wine and food
pairing, followed by lunch. Round trip walking is approximately 2.5 miles, so wear your
walking shoes.
SANDHILL CRANE CONSERVATION IN THE DELTA WITH GARY IVEY
Tour #9 Mini -bus [$30,20 101
Tour time: 3 hours
NEW! Habitat is the key to wildlife survival! Join keynote speaker Gary Ivey of the Interna-
tional Crane Foundation on an inlwmative tour of the California Delta habitats that support
Sandhill Cranes and other vsterfewl and wildlife during the winter. Bring your binoculars
and a notebook, as you will hear facts here that you will not get anywhere else!
SUNSET LEISURE CRUISE ON LODI LAKE
Tour #s: 24, 48 Car and Boat [$30, 20, NIA]
Tour time: 2 hours, 10 minutes Drive time: 5 minutes one way
Lodi Lake and the Mokelumne River provide the rare opportunity for Crane Festival partid-
pants to enjoy a leisurely sunset patio boat ride. Join a local naturaiisi as you glide along,
viewing the lake's resident birds, other wildlife (maybe even one of the resident deer), and
tranquil scenery.
SUSTAINABLE VINES, WINE, AND WILDLIFE
Tour #38 Car [$25,15,10]
Tour time: 2 hours 15 minutes Drive time: 20 min. one way
NEW! The LangeTwins Winery, is all about sustainability. Join fourth-generation viticulturist
Aaron Lange on a first-ever walking tour of their wildlife habitat areas along the Makelumne
River. Experience the vineyards and enjoy their wine. Dress in layers and bring your "dirt"
shoes and binoculars!
ZENOPTIC WETLANDS -A NATURE MEDIA PHOTO TOUR WITH LON YARBROUGH
Tour # 30 Car [$50, WA, NIA]
Tour time: 3 hours 30 minutes Drive time: varies
Experience the vibrant life of the wetlands at dawn with local "craniac" photographer Lon
Yarbrough. As the sun rises, you will experiment with high ISOs, long shutter speeds, and
wide-open apertures to capture images rat obtainable at any other time. Dress warmly and
bring your camera and tripod for this unique photo opportunity.
2:40-3:30 - THE PRIVATE LIVES OF SANDHILL CRANES - Crete Hall.
Sandhill Cranes communicate with each other in a variety of ways, including
dancing, body language, and vocalizations. You will learn about crane behavior,
including how to distinguish between dancing and aggression and many other
details that will help you better understand and appreciate cranes in the wild. The
presenter, Paul Tebbel, has worked Wthcmatles since 1976, including 11 years as
the director ofAudubon's Rowe Sanctuary ort the Platte River in Nebraska.home.
2:40 -3:30 -OWL PELLET EXPLORATION! -Upstairs Classroom. Come learn
about the Barn Owl and dissect an owl pellet to discover what it has eaten in this
hands-on activity for children. Be a nature detective by matchlog up the bones
in the pellet to small mammal bone charts. Parents are recommended to attend
and assist each child under 11 years old. Limit 14, sign-up for this free activity at
the Oak Grove Nature Center table in the Exhibit Hall starting at 10 AM on
Saturday.
Art Show
THE 2015 SANDHILL CRANE FESTIVAL ART SHOW
will include watercolors, oils, etchings, sculptures, photographs, and other fine art
depicting Sandhill Cranes, other Callfomia wildllfe, and their habitats Photographs
by this year's featured photographer Jim Dunn, will also be displayed.The Art Show
wil beat Hutchins Street Square in the Cottage -Pisano rooms and entry is free. Art
can be viewed on Friday evening, from 6 to 8:30 PM, Saturday from IOAM to 5
PM, and Sunday from 10 AM to 4 PM.
ORIGAMI
All ages are invited to fold origami cranes in the Cottage -Pisano foyer during the
Festival - just follow the trail of folded cranes to the tables! This activity is
organized by the Central Valley Student Chapter of People to People International,
a group that promotes international understanding and friendship through
educational, cultural, and humanitarian activities. An ancient Japanese legend
promises that anyone who folds a thousand origami cranes will be granted a wish
by a crane. Today the origami crane is also a symbol of peace.
L'Xd1ibit HAH
10 AM - 5 PM SAT & 10 AM - 4 PM SUN, - FREE ADMISSION
VISITVENDORS, EXHIBITS &THE CRANE -IUM IN KIRST HALL -You will find
30+ vendors and exhibitors in Kirst Hall, along with food from Bon Appetit, and
the always popular Crane-ium. The Crane-ium includes educational displays and
hands-on activities centered on cranes, as well as other local wildlife, and is
suitable for all ages. Open from 10 AM to 5 PM on Saturday and 10 AM to 4 PM
on Sunday, free admission.
Wind'fIu18irdk,?"
1. Mindful of Wildlife
a. Put birds first
b. Let migrant birds rest and feed
c. Back away from alarmed birds
d. Make slow and steady movements, avoiding
nests, roosts and display areas
1. Mindful of People and Safety
a. Respect public and private property,
and follow laws
b. Park only in approved sites,
leaving room for others
c. Be a positive ambassador for the
birding community
d. Practice courtesy by curtailing
conversation and noise
3. Mindful of Personal girding Experience
a. Enjoy the serenity of quiet walks
while birding
b. Observation takes patience
c. Pause often when listening for bird calls
d. Seek to learn, but take time
to enjoy yourself!
4. Mindful of Nature Protection
a. Support protection of important bird habitat
b. Stay on roads, trails and paths where
they exist
c. Carpool whenever possible
d. Dispose of waste properly
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BY J O E E ATO N
signs of the season
A Festival of Cranes
From high overhead comes the rattling cry that conservationist Aldo Leopold called
"the trumpet in the orchestra of evolution." Riding the autumn winds, the sandhill
cranes are returning to the California Delta. Every year they converge here, part of a
living wave that also includes swans, geese, and ducks arriving from the north to spend
the winter. Among the vineyards, orchards, housing tracts, and dairy farms, the
cranes in their thousands
gravitate to a handful
of roosting areas:
Cosumnes River Preserve,
Woodbridge Ecological
Reserve, Staten Island,
and other sites on private
land. Their arrival is one
of California's supreme
wildlife spectacles, a
major draw for Delta
visitors—and, like the
migration of the monarch
butterflies, a phenomenon
we risk losing.
Sandhill cranes of
three subspecies—the
lesser (Gros canadensis
canadensis, greater (G.
c, tabida), and Canadian (G, c, rowani)—
spend the winter in the Delta and the
Central Valley. Lesser sandhills are to
greater sandhills as grizzly bears are
to Alaskan brown bears. They have
followed separate evolutionary paths
since Pleistocene glaciers divided their
ancestral populations 1.5 million years
ago, with some interbreeding since:
Greater -lesser mating pairs continue to
be, on occasion, observed in the field. As
for Canadians, they weren't recognized
as a separate entity until 1965, and some
ornithologists don't accept them as a
separate group given their similarity to
the greater. Even experts have trouble
distinguishing them in the field.
The cranes differ in size (as the
names suggest, migratory behavior,
food and habitat preferences, and
protected status: In California, greaters
them lesser, now winter statewide. The
Delta, offering isolated shallow wetlands
for night roosts and grain fields for
foraging, may have compensated for lost
habitat elsewhere. In a 2007-o8 survey,
Delta counts ranged from 6,9.21 in
November to 27,213 in February.
Distinguishing a greater from a lesser
sandhill lies in the details. In a mixed
group, the size difference is obvious,
greaters standing almost a foot taller.
In flight, lessers appear relatively long -
winged, equipped for an epic trek from
the far north: They migrate 2,9.00 miles
from the Alaskan tundra. Greaters breed
In the early morning, greater sandhi II cranes at the
Cos umnes River Preserve prance, bow, call out, and
touch beaks in an elaborate dance that often develops
overyears between mated pairs,
are listed as endangered; lessers, a species
of special concern; Canadians have
no legal protection beyond the federal
Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Greaters
are more abundant north of the Delta,
lessers to the south, while Canadian
sandhills are far outnumbered by both
subspecies in the Delta.
Although they didn't differentiate
among subspecies, observers in the
i85os mentioned abundant wintering
cranes in California's grasslands. Market
hunting thinned their ranks, but they
slowly recovered during the 20th century,
with their winter presence in the Delta
increasing over the past 50 years. An
estimated 50,000 cranes, four-fifths of
10 1 BAY NATURE _% OCTOBER—DECEMBER 2015
closer by, from British
Columbia to Northern
California as far south as
Sierra Valley, with their
highest concentration in
Oregon.
Lessers and greaters
behave differently in the
Delta. Greaters arrive
earlier in the fall and
leave later in the winter,
some lingering into
March. Lessers forage in
alfalfa; greaters avoid it.
"Lessers move around the
landscape more, focusing
on maintaining their
flight muscles by eating
protein," says Gary Ivey
of the International Crane Foundation,
who has studied cranes in California
for years. They consume the larvae
of orange sulphur butterflies in those
alfalfa fields, earthworms, beetle grubs,
crayfish, voles. The diet of greaters has
a higher vegetable content, mainly waste
grain, and they don't travel as far from
the roost to feed.
On the other hand, many behaviors
are common to all sandhills. Their body
language is eloquent. Waves of dancing
propagate through winter flocks, and
some birds may practice their crowd -
drawing courtship moves (although the
majority of courtship takes place in
spring farther north). The extern of a
hatch of bare red skin on a crane's head
signals its emotional state. A relaxed
biiri shows only a small .thea c)f yed, but
excitement or anxiery increases blood
flow and activates muscles that expand
the patch to cover most of the top of
the head. These intensely social birds
have strong family ties. Pairs may stay
together for life, but some break up
after nest failures. Parents tend their
offspring, oddly called "colts," for nine
or ten months after hatching and lead
them south on their first migration.
With luck, they'll make many other
journeys: Wild sandhills have survived
into their third decade, with 40 the
longevity record.
On the first full weekend of
November, the Central Valley city of
Lodi honors these winter visitors with
a Sandhill Crane Festival. For almost
20 years its dual aim has been to attract
tourists and promote awareness of the
birds. Some festival -organized tours visit
crane -viewing locations not normally
accessible to the public, and tour leaders
CRANE TALK
Sandhill cranes use dozens of sounds and body
postures to communicate. e.Flight Intention:
A stiff, horizontally held neck portends flight.
GRuffle Threat: Ruffled feathers followed by
a bowed neck can suggest arousal or a mild
threat. G.Crouch Threat: Briefly dropping to
the ground with slightly spread wings can
precede an attack. For more, see the pocket -
sized "Sandhill Crane Display Dictionary" at
AlaskaSandhillCrane.com.
- 4
MATTIASLANAS.COM
A pair of greater sandhill
cranes leaves their roost at the
Woodbridge Ecological
Reserve in the morning to
forage in the fields.
stress viewing etiquette:
Don't walk out into the
fields toward the birds;
keep your voice down.
Cars make good blinds
for crane -watching.
"They hate motorcycles
and bicycles," Ivey observes.
Not far from Lodi, Staten Island
provides a fine buffet for wintering
cranes. Owned by The Nature
Conservancy and managed by its affiliate
Conservation Farms and Ranches,
Staten is a wildlife -friendly working
farm, growing corn, triticale, and other
crops the birds favor. Laura Shaskey,
conservation program manager at Staten
Island, says up to 8,000 cranes foraged
on the island last fall, and a record high
of 11,700 used night roosts there. Of
particular conservation importance,
Staten hosts one of the densest winter
populations of the state -endangered
greater sandhill.
In its present iteration, the proposed
Delta Twin Tunnels water diversion
project would run directly through
Staten Island. That route, announced
in 2013, drew fire from environmental
groups and other stakeholders;
construction plans were modified last
year. Ivey, who works with an advisory
group, notes that the original version
would have used the island for storage
of dredged materials, affecting almost
a quarter of the 9,2oo-acre tract. "We
appreciate that overall impacts on Staten
Island from the original proposed project
have been substantially reduced both
during construction and with regard
to project operations over time," says
Jay Ziegler, TNC's director of external
affairs. "However, it is imperative that
we protect habitat for sandhill cranes
at Staten Island and create additional
habitat [for them] in the Delta."
Changing land -use patterns in the
Delta have made places like Staten
Island all the more crucial to the
survival of Pacific Flyway sandhills. As
far back as 2000, Ivey and veteran crane
researcher Carroll Littlefield called
conversion of grain fields to vineyards
and orchards "the most serious factor
threatening sandhill cranes wintering in
California." The trend has accelerated,
with vineyard acreage in San Joaquin
County alone more than doubling in the
last 25 years. "How much can you lose
within the core area before affecting the
capacity of the landscape to hold the
population of cranes?" he asks. Farther
north, around Galt and Elk Grove,
urban sprawl is a significant threat.
Literary celebrations of the sandhill
crane stress the species' antiquity.
"His tribe ... stems out of the remote
Eocene," wrote Leopold. In The Birds
of Heaven, an account of his travels
in search of cranes, the late Peter
Matthiessen mentions the discovery
of a nine -million -year-old leg bone of
"today's sandhill crane," which seems to
refer to a fossil found in Nebraska. But
"it's a leap of extreme faith" to assume
the bone belongs to a sandhill, writes
R. George Corner of the University of
Nebraska State Museum, which houses
the fossil.
To crane -watchers, though, the
truth in the ancient bones may be less
important than the feeling summoned
by the bugling of the great birds.
Eocene, Miocene, or Pleistocene, it
seems primordial enough. "I can tell
that people love hearing that sound,"
says naturalist David Wimpfheimer, who
has led many Delta crane tours. "It's
evocative of wild places. It transports
listeners from plowed -over corn stubble
to Alaska or the Canadian Arctic." If the
sandhill's trumpet is ever silenced, our
loss will be immeasurable.
OCTOBER -DECEMBER 2015 A BAY NATURE