HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda Report - December 19, 1984 (88)1:?
CITY COUNGIT4 Mg1:TXNG
DECEMBER 19, 1984
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AOFMA ITME
APYFAL OF MICHAEL
W. J. Anthony Abbott, Attorney-at-law of the firm of Mnyall
FAI.)CM ISR AN
Hurley, e i al , addressed the Counc i l advising that his f i rTr;
EX EP7ICN TO CITY
represents Michael Faught in all matters arising out of his
POLICY PERTAINING
prospective employment as a firman with the City of Dodi.
M TTiE HIRING OF
Mr. Faught has been denied eW l oyment by the City of I,cxi i as
RELATIVES 1N
a f i remran on the sole basis that his father, Russell Faught,
Ci1XR TO AIV
a 1 ready works as a fire engineer in the department . The
IIIS 131rPIIM224T AS
basis for the refusal of errployment was Resolution No. 83-15,
A FIRFA N WITH
adopted by the City CounciI March 2, 1983. 1t is h1r.
11 i CITYY OF IMI
Faught's position that the denial of employment to him is a
misapplication of the policy enbodied in Resolution No.
83-15, and constitutes insivious discrimination under Federal
and California law. Mr. Faught hereby petitions the City
Council to reverse the decision of City Manager Henry Graves,
and ordering the hiring of Mr. Faught as a firerrnn in the
Lodi Fire Department.
Mr. Abbott then addressed the Council in detail regarding the
reasons he feels support for this request.
Mr. Al Ilaupt, 727 Grant Ave.. Lodi. also addressed the
Council speaking on beh&lf of Mr. Faught's appeal.
Following a brief discussion, Mayor Snider directed the City
Clerk to place on the January 2, 1985 Regular Meeting Agenda,
the appeal of Michael Faught for an exception to City policy
pertaining to the hiring of relatives in order to allow his
employment as a fireman with the City of Lodi.
11
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cnwTcw . -OLL• December 18, 1984 . OF COUftSCL
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Members of the City Council
City of Lodi
221 West Pine Street
Lodi, CA 95240
Re: Michael Faught
Gentlemen:
This firm represents Michael Faught in all matters
arising out of his prospective employment as a fireman with the
City of Lodi. As you are probably aware, Mr. Faught has been
denied employment by the City of Lodi as a fireman on the sole
basis that his father, Russell Faught, already works as a fire
engineer in the department. The basis for the refusal of
employment was resolution No. 83-15, adopted by the City Council
March 2, 1983. It is Mr. Faught's position that the denial of
employment to him is a misapplication of the policy embodied in
resolution No. 83-15, and constitutes invidious discrimination
under Federal and California law. Mr. Faught hereby petitions
the City Courcil to reverse the decision of City Manager Henry
Giaves, and ordering the hiring of Mr. Faught as a fireman in
the Lodi Fire Department. The reasons in support of this
request are set forth in more detail as follows:
FACTS
Michael Faught is a 24 year old man who was born in
Stockton and raised in Lodi. In November of 1979 he became
employed as a beginning fireman at the Woodbridge Fire Department.
Two years thereafter, he became a fire engineer. The next
position to which he could hope to aspire in the Woodbridge Fire
Department is Captain, and there are three young Captains still
in those positions. Because of this, as well as a long standing
desire to join his home town fire department, he began working
toward obtaining a position with the Lodi Fire Department. He
took the fire department test in 1980, and placed ninth on the
list. Four years later, in 1984, he took the test again, and
placed sixth. It is this placement on which Michael Faught
bases his current application for employment. The five candi-
dates ahead of Mr. Faught on the list have all been hired, and
hence he presently stands number one. At no time during the
testing or application procedure, prior to time at which Mr.
Faught became the most eligible candidate for the next opening,
Michael Faught
December 18, 1984
Page 2
was there ever any mention that he would be denied employment by
reason of the fact that his father was already employed by the
City.
Michael Faught was confident, due to his high placement
on the Lodi Fire Department list, that he would be hired in due
course. Therefore, he did not avail himself of opportunities to
apply at the Stockton Fire Department. He might well have taken
advantage of such opportunities had he known that at the eleventh
hour employment would be denied him on the basis of his familial
relationship.
As we understand it, there is currently no question that
Mr. Faught is the most qualified applicant, and that no reasons
exist for the denial of his employment except the fact that his
father is already employed by the City as a fire engineer.
THE POLICY
As aforementioned, the current policy of the City of
Lodi is set forth in resolution No. 83-15. ;his resolution
initially states that no employee or prospective employee shall
be discriminated against on the basis of his familial relation-
ship. The policy, in pertinent part, reads as follows:
"No employee, prospective employee, or
applicant shall be improperly denied employment
or benefits from employment on the basis of
his or her familial or marital status....
Familial status is defined as the state of an
individual specific relative working for the
City of Lodi, and shall include child, brother
sister, parent, or parent -in-law."
The resolution creates two exceptions to this policy,
the first of which is where the employee or prospective employee
in question would be under the direct supervision of the other
spouse or relative. This does not apply to the situation of
Michael Faught, because his father does not act in a supervisory
capacity.
The second exception allows the City, in its discretion,
to refuse to place both relatives
"...in the same department, division, or
facility where such has the potential for
creating adverse impact on supervision,
safety, security, or morale, or involves
potential conflicts of interest."
I
Michael Faught
December 18, 1984
Page 3
1-
It is this provision on which the City Manager relies in
refusing to employ Michael Faught.
It is our understanding, pursuant to conversations with
City Attorney Ronald Stein and City Manager Henry Glaves that
this policy is to be applied on a case by case basis. That is,
the city administration will use its discretion in evaluating
each case on its merits, and not apply a blanket exclusion. Not
withstanding assurance, it is our understanding that this
blanket exclusion is just what has occurred in this case.
MEETING OF DECEMBER 4, 1984
On December 4, 1984, the undersigned and Michael Faught
met with City Attorney Ronald Stein, and City Manager Henry
Glaves, to discuss the reasons behind the City's position.
Initially, it was explained that the City did in fact rely on
subparagraph two of resolution No. 83-15, which allows the City
to refuse to place one relative in a department in which the
other relative already works. I then asked w At specific facts
in this situation led the City to believe that the hiring of
Michael Faught would have an adverse impact op supervision,
safety, security or morale.
Mr. Stein and Mr. Glaves assured me that there was
nothing about this situation of Michael Faught which specifically
ma a him a potential problem. His employers at Woodbridge Fire
Department were unanimous in their- praise of Mr. Faught's
abilities, and his higher ranking on the fire department test
was undeniable. In short, but for his relationship with his
father, Russell Faught, he would certainly have been hired.
Mr. Glaves then explained that his interpretation of
resolution No. 83-15 empowered him, and indeed directed him, to
refuse to employ anyone in the police department or fire
department where the prospective employee already had a relative
in the department. At that point it became apparent that Mr.
Faught was not being judged on a case by case basis, as had been
previously indicated, but was being made the victim of a blanket
exclusion w Lich applied to police and fire departments only. In
other words, where a prospective placement in the police depart-
ment or fire department was concerned, no case by case analysis
would occur; rather, the prospective employee would be declined
employment simply on that basis. This is a clear contravention
of the policy expressed in the opening paragraph of resolution
No. 83-15, which prohibits discrimination based solely on
familial status.
Michael Faught
December 18, 1984
Page 4
ARGUMENT
1. The city administration has misapplied the policy.
The city administration can cite no reason for its refusal to
hire Michael Faught other than his tamilial relationship with
his father. There are no facts which have been brought to ou-r
attention which would lead to the conclusion that Mr. Faught's
employment has the potential for creating an adverse impact on
morale, supervision, or safety. Mr. G3aves has indicated tha-t
some employees might complain that the hiring was the result of
nepotism, but such complaining would certainly not be warranted
in light of Michael Faught's high placement on the hiring list.
Supervision should not be a problem, because Russell Faught does
not act in a supervisory capacity. Regarding safety, the City
has expressed concern that the Faughts, father and tion, might be
called on to fight the same fire, and that their close familial
relationship might hinder their objective assigning of duties in
such a situation. In the first instance, it would be an %xtremely
rare instance were one would be supervising the other. in the
second, it is obvious that many close relationships exist in the
work environment, which might leave the supervisor to favor o-ne
employee over another. That such favoritism mi ht conceivably
occur in the absence of any facts to indicate that it will
occur, is not a valid ground for denial of employment.
In short, all reasons advanced by the City for its
refusal to hire Mr. Faught are reasons which allegedly apply to
fathers and sons in general. It is admitted that there is
nothing specific in the relationship between Russell Faught and
Michael Faught wiich creates the forseea-ble potential for such
problems. Under these circumstances, the refusal. to hire
Michael Faught is a clear violation of the City's policy against
discriminating against persons simply by reason of their fznilial
status.
2. The policy, as applied by the City administration
invidiously c�1scrriminates.
The equal protection clause of the United States and
California Constitutions, and supporting statutory and case law,
prohibits discrimination against persons based on characteris-
tics which they cannot change. The most striking examples would
be race and sex. It would seem evident that one of the other:
characteristics which a prospective employee cannot change is
his familial relationship with others. Yet, it is on this
basis, and solely on this basis, that the city denies Michael
Faught employment.
Michael Faught
December 18, 1984
Page 5
Previous case law in the area of employment
discrimination based on familial status has centered on the
relationship of the husband and wife. Basically, the cases have
come to the conclusion that the fundamental right to marry must
be weighed against the employers interest in avoiding conflict
of interest and favoritism. The cases have generally come down
on the side of the prospective employee, except where the
prospective employee would be supervised by his/her spouse.
(See, e.g. Cutts vs. Fowler (1982) 692 Fed.2d 138).
A case which is instructive in the area of non -spousal
relationships is Limon elli vs. Postmaster General of the U.S.
(1983) 707 Fed.2d 368. In that case Limongelli was seeking
employment with the Costa Mesa Post office. The Postmaster V.P.
was temporarily asO.gned out of the area, and during that time,
a position opened up to which Limongelli was one of five appli-
cants. The job went to the nephew of the Postmaster V.P., and
Linongelli cited this as nepotism and invidious discrimination.
The Court concluded that the Postmaster did not hire his nephew,
rather others did. And,, significantly, the nephew was selected
on the basis of his qualifications, which were better than
Limongelli's. The Court held there was no violation.
So too, in our situation, Michael Faught has qualified
for the job of fireman based on merit not on the basis of his
relationship with his father. FurtFer, there is no current
prospect that either Russell Faught or Michael Faught will come
to supervise the other. of course, this is always a bare
possibility; however, it cannot be said at this time that such a
development is probable.
The application of a policy such as the one embodied in
resolution No. 83-15 must, at bottom, be a weighing process.
The interest of the City in avoiding problems of favoritism,
nepotism, and supervision must be weighed against the interest
of the prospective employee who has earned the right to be
selected. In the case of Michael Faught, the City can point to
no specific evidence whatsoever which does no apply to any
father and son situation. Hence, the circumstances do not
support discrimination against Michael Faught based solely on
his familial status.
3. The Citv is estopped to refuse emolovment.
Briefly, the doctrine of estoppel applies where one
party misleads the other into acting to his detriment. Where
this has occurred, the party who has done the misleading will
not be allowed to maintain it's position to the detriment of the
injured party.
N
Michael :aught
December 18, 1984
Page 6
In this case, Michael Faught has taken the Lodi Fire
Department examination twice. He has placed very high on the
examination on both occasions, which has given rise to the
justifiable expectation that he would be hired as a fireman.
Further, Lodi's policy against employment of relatives has been
overlooked on several occasions, further giving rise to the
impression that the policy would not be applied in Mr. Faught's
case. Specifically, in 1976, Janet Curry was hired by the City,
notwithstanding that her husband, Dave Curry, was Assistant
Utilities Director. Again, on September 15, 1980, Virgil
Monroe, the son of Animal Control Officer Earl Monroe, was hired
by the Police Department. Finally, in September of 1974, Jane
Randolph, the sister of Police Officer Dan Randolph, was hired
as a Police Dispatcher. There have been no known problems
arising out of these relationships which have been brought to
our attention.
Because he had no idea that employment would be denied
him on the basis of his relationship with his father, Michael
Faught took the fireman's test twice, and declined opportunities
to apply with the City of Stockton. We are now given to
understand that it is the City policy that a person in the
position of Michael Faught will not even be allowed to take the
test. However, this does not change the fact that Mr. Faught
has changed position in reliance on the City's perceived policy.
Under the circumstances, the City is estopped to deny employment.
CONCLUSION
This not a situation where an attempt is being made to
foist an unqualified, undesirable employee upon the City.
Testimony from all quarters indicates that Mr. Faught is a
quality applicant, well qualified for employment as a fireman.
Mr. Faught evidences an exemplary desire to follow in his
father's footsteps, serving the town in which he has spent
virtually all of his life. In the absence of a demonstrable
potential for problems arising out of the familial relationship,
he should be hired forthwith.
Therefore, we ask that the City Council reconsider the
decision of City Manager Henry Glaves, and offer employment to
Michael Faught as a beginning fireman. Thank you for your
anticipated cooperation.
Ve
MA
By
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