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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda Report - August 6, 1986 (102)CITY CCitwn MEETING _ A== 6, 1986 PRESENTATION BY REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LODI CITIZENS FOR PEACE No formal action was taken by the Lodi City Council following a presentation by Reid Cerney andd other members CC -24(b) of Lodi Citizens for Peace regarding the threat of nuclear war to San Joaquin County. TO: THE CITY COUNCIL FROM: THE CITY MANAGER'S OFFICE SUBJECT: Presentation by "L Joaquin County COiWOL COMMUNICATION DATE NO.6, 1986 Mr. Reid Clerney, representing "Lodi Citizens for Peace", has requested an opporbmity to address the Council regarding the threat of nuclear war to San Joaquin County. Attached please find the following documents which Mr. Cerney requested be included in the Council Packet: 1) Nuclear pest Ban Resolution (marked Dd-dbit AI 2) Handbook entitled, "The Nuclear Threat to San Joaquin County" 4 (marked Exhibit B) Representatives of "Lodi Citizens for Peace" will be making a presentation of about twenty minutes in length supportive of the handbook material. Mr. Cerney has indicated that it is his groups intention to ask the Lodi City Council to endorse the handbook as well as the. Nuclear Test Ban Resolution. ALICE City Clerk MMIT A NUCLcAR TEST BAN RESG_UTION WHEREAS, a nuclear war would result in death. injury and disease on a scale un- precedented in human history: WHEREAS, spending for the arms race is contributing to record budget deficits that threaten our nation's economic security while programs providing essential assistance to communities throughout the country are being cutback: WHEREAS, a ban on nuclear testing would promote the security of the United States by constraining new developments in the U.S.-Soviet nuclear arms a competition and by strengthening efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to non-nuclear countries. WHEREAS, a ban on nuclear testing would be a concrete and easily achievable fust t ' step towards a complete halt and deep reductions of ever expanding nuclear arsenals: WHEREAS, a ban on nuclear testing can be verified with high confidence by a world- wide network of seismic monitors, satellites and other verification technology operated by the United Stasis and other nations. THEREFORE. CALLS UPON THE PRESIDENT TO IMMEDIATELY RESPOND TO THE SOVIETS' UNILATERAL HALT OF TESTING BY JOINING THEM IN A MUTUAL AND VERIFIABLE SUSPENSION OF TESTING AS A FIRST STEP TOWARDS FREEZING AND REVERSING THE ARMS RACE. THIS BODY ALSO CALLS UPON THE MFUMBERS OF OUR CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION TO SUPPORT LEGISLATION THAT WOULD ENACT A MORATORIUM ON NUCLEAR TESTING. TO BE CONTINUED AS LONG AS THE SOVIETS DO NOT TEST. COPIES OF THIS RESOLU- TION SHALL BE FORWARDED TO THE PRESIDENT AND TO THE SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES COMPRISING OUR CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION. Mrs. Alice Reimche, City Clerk City Hall 221 W. Pine Lodi, Ca. 95240 July 13, R&EIVED 1988 JUL 15 tH 3 4 3 ALICE M. REIM NE CITY CLERK CIITY OF LOD! In behalf of the "Lodi Citizens for Peace" I am requesting a place on the city council agenda for Wednesday, August 6, 1986, to pre- sent a resolution concerning the threat of nuclear war to San Joa- quin County. A handbook on this subject has been prepared and 19 copies of it will be hand delivered to your office on or before Tuesday, July 29. We will be present at the August 6 council meet- ing to make an oral presentation on the subject of the nuclear threat to the county and the city of Lodi. We will be asking the =x council to endorse the handbook as well as a Nuclear Test Ban Reso- lution as a small step toward reducing the nuclear threat to the ci- ':' tizens of Lodi. i I am requesting about 20 minutes time to make an oral presenta- tion supportive of the handbook material and an endorsement of it. Two members of our group would like to be allowed about 10 minutes each to address the council on the companion subjects of the nuclear threat and the Nuclear Test Ban Resolution. I will contact you within the week to be sure we are following the correct procedure. You have most helpful in explaining the pro- cedure thus far. 900 W. Vine home 368-0942 Lodi, Ca. 95240 work 948-1442 S' c re y, Reid Cerney, Rep. Lodi Citizens For Peace I- EXHIBIT B Ti3E NUCLEA R THREAT TO 3AN SOAGiU X W COUNTY c2� I like to believe that people in the long run are going to do more to promote peace then are governments. Indeed, I think that people want peace so such that one of these days governments had better get out of their way and let them have it. -Dwight D. Eisenhower N -r"E 'i'HREAT 'r C3 SAN JOAGJU=N CCIUW'i'Y EFFECT OF ONE NUCLEAR BOMB ON STOCKTON What would happen to San Joaquin County and its residents in the event of a nuclear explosion? To describe the simplest case we will imagine that only one bomb hits Stockton. On a clear fall day at 3pm a one megaton thermonuclear bomb explodes at 8000 feet above Stockton City Hall. One megaton is equivalent to 1 million tons of TNT in blast force. This is an average size bomb by today's standards but it is 70 times the power of the bomb that was used on Hiroshima in August of 1945. Refer to Circle 1 of a radius of 1 1/2 miles from ground zero on the map. This stretches approximately from Victory Park (West) to beyond Wilson Way (East) and from Alpine Avenue (North) to Charter Way (South). A fireball 1 1/2 miles in diameter and millions of degrees farenheit would instantly vaporize every person outdoors and steel and concrete buildings would begin to melt. The blast force of 20 pounds per square inch (psi) would level all buildings including those that are steel reinforced, killing everyone inside. Note that both Dameron and St. Joseph's hospitals lie within this radius and would be destroyed. Circle 2 on the map has a radius of 3 miles. This area extends from beyond Hwy 5 (W) to Hwy 99 (E) and from Delta College (N) to Van Buskirk Park (S). All concrete buildings within this area would be destroyed by blast and winds. Every person exposed would have their entire skin surface burned off through their clothing. Eye surfaces would melt. Fatalities would be close to 100% in this area. Note that this area -5 - includes the University of the Pacific and Port of Stockton. Circle 3 with a 4 mile radius extends from Rough & Ready Island (W) to beyond Stockton city limits (El and from Ben Holt (N) to below Stockton city limits (S). This area would have 5 psi of overpressure blast force which would easily push over a typical two-story brick house. The blast force would rupture our drum& and lungs. The 260 mph winds would pick up and hurl people, causing severe head injuries, broken bone& and crush Injuries with internal bleeding. Sharp objects flying through the air would cause deep penetrating wounds of the skull, cheat and abdomen. Many would suffer severe burns and radiation injuries. Up to 50% fatalities and 40% seriously inured would be expected in this zone. In circle 4 out to a 5 mile radius extending from beyond Hammer Lane (N) to San Joaquin General Hospital in French Camp (S), the intensity of the heat would spontaneously ignite people's clothing and other combustible&. Hundreds of small fires would be started and fanned by the fierce winds. These would be likely to merge into a huge firestorm producing a complete burnout of the entire area. The firestorms that occurred at Hiroshima and also in Dresden and Hamburg during WWII after very dense conventional (non-nuclear) bombing raged for days at temperatures of 800'F. CIVIL DEFENSE The over 300 designated fallout shelter& in Stockton are largely nonfunctional. They were•stocked with supplies in the early 1960'& which are now obsolete and in many cages have been removed. There are virtually no shelters in North Stockton. The designated fallout shelter list includes the McDonald's on Wilson Way and a shelter on the roof of the Sears department store. Consequently, the assistant director of San Joaquin County Emergency Services recommends that families provide their own shelter. Underground shelters would not give protection from a nuclear bomb. As was learned at Dresden and Hiroshima, the huge fire& sucked the oxygen out of the shelters while the heat was transmitted down. Underground shelters were turned into crematoria. Until recently, the Federal Emergency Response Management agency (FEMA) had a program for crisis relocation planning where populations from cities and other high risk areas would be relocated to lower risk areas. This plan was too difficult to implement and was quietly dropped. Now there is no plan to evacuate people from high risk communities. In any disaster, communication is easenti;61 in providing aid to stricken areas. Electro -Magnetic Pulse (EPM), caused by the nuclear explosion, would damage electrical equipment over large areas by ionizing particles. This would knock out television, radio, computers, electronic ignition& for all modern motors and other electrical systema. It would not be possible to communicate with the outside world or to contact separated family member&. After an attack the vast number of severe burn, blast, and radiation injuries would quickly overwhelm any surviving emergency/medical services. Roadways within the blast area would be destroyed. The injured and survivors would have no means of reaching remaining emergency services. MEDICAL RESPONSE What help could the medical community offer? The realistic answer is probably close to none. In Stockton neither Dameron nor St. Josephs hospitals would exist. Most doctors and nurses are located in city center areas and would be killed or injured. After the "baby" atomic bomb at Hiroshima, 65 of the 150 doctors were killed immediately and most of the rest were wounded. Of 1780 nurses, 1654 were dead or badly hurt. The majority of the hospitals and offices were destroyed and equipment scattered. The U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency estimates Immediate effects of a 1 megaton bomb in Stockton would include 141,000 deaths and 5000 injuries. Many of the 5000 injured persons would have extensive second or third degree burns. The typical victim would have multiple trauma, for example, a head, Injury, a penetrating chest wound, a leg fracture, and severe burns. Consider the following typical severe burn patient: A 22 - year old man received extensive 3rd degree burns and was taken to a Boston hospital burn care unit. Over the period of his hospitalization he received 281 units of fresh -frozen plasma, 147 units of fresh -frozen red blood cells, 37 units of platelets, and 36 units of albumin. He underwent aix operations, during which 85% of his body surface was covered with skin grafts. He was kept on artificial respiration because his lungs had been scorched out. Treating him stretched the resources of the burn care unit to the limit. On the thirty-third day he died. Stockton's one burn care unit at Dameron hospital has seven beds. The severe burn victims in San Joaquin County alone would exceed the 1700 burn care beds available in the entire United States. AFTERMATH Any who survived the initial bomb explosion would face further health hazards. There would be a large number of corpses in Stockton to serve as breeding grounds for insects carrying disease. In the judgement of several authorities, diseases such as polio, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and cholera would reappear in .Force. A large population of rats Right flourish and result in plague. Cockroaches also have a hLgh resistance to radiation. Radiation sickness would affect many who appeared unhurt initially. Immediate radiation consisting mainiy of gamma rays, a very high energy form of electromagnetic radiation, would stream outward into the environment from the explosion. From hours to days after the explosion some would experience severe nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Those more severely affected would develop spontaneous internal bleeding anywhere from days to many weeks later. Some would be exposed to a large enough dose to have severe brain damage leading to coma, seizures and death. Some delayed radiation effects at Hiroshima included many spontaneous miscarriages by pregnant women. Others delivered babies marked by a variety of physical and mental defects, such as microcephaly (small heads) and underdeveloped brains. Other babies had cirrhosis of the liver, funnel chest and some Downs -9 - syndrome. In long term survivors there was an increase in many types of cancers including leukemia, thyroid, breast, stomach and lung cancers. Children were the most vulnerable to many of the cancers. Psychological effects in the form of chronic depression, diminished vitality and high levels of anxiety continued for many years in Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors. As we learned from Hiroshima, in any future nuclear conflict the majority of the wounded would be likely to die without seeing a physician and without even the relief of pain by medication. However, there is one mayor difference between what happened in Hiroshima and a present day nuclear war. After the Hiroshima explosion the outside world mobilized and came in to help. In the present day scenario it's likely the outside world would be in the same condition as Stockton. TARGETS The exact nuclear targeting strategies of the Soviet Union are not known. The Federal Emergency Management Agency believes that all population centers of 50,000.or greater are targeted based on the fact that there are only 600 cities of that size or larger in the U.S. and there are over 7000 Russian weapons capable of reaching them. Stockton is a likely target for several reasons. The city has a population of about 176,000. It is an ocean port and is home of Rough a; -A Re-idy Island, a mayor naval communications center for the U.S. Pacific fleet. Stockton is surrounded by the following possible targets; Sharpe's Army Depot, a military storage facility, Tracy Defense Depot, Livermore Lab where nuclear weapons research is conducted and Site 300 in Tracy where nuclear weapon detonators are produced. If Rancho Seco nuclear power plant were hit, local radioactive fallout would increase manyfold. Both Castle AFB in MercRd and Mather AFB in Sacramento house B-52 bombers carrying nuclear weapons. At Mare Island in Valle?o, nuclear submarines are repaired and at Concord Kaval Weapons Station more than 250 nuclear weapons are stored. AGRICULTURE AND NUCLEAR WINTER A nuclear war would be followed by a "nuclear winter", preventing recovery and causing unprecedented new problems. The "nuclear winter" phenomenon is now widely accepted by most investigators including the U.S. Administration and Pentagon. The combined effects of multiple nuclear explosions and the post blast effects would produce vast amounts of smoke and dust entering the upper atmosphere. Very little sunlight, perhaps only lx, would reach the surface after the great plumes combined into a great dark cloud. Temperatures would drop almost Immediately, perhaps more t:an 40 degrees lower than normal. These temperatures would last for many weeks or months and only slowly return to normal. Besides the constant darkness and freezing temperatures other environmental problems would develop. Coastal and delta areas would be exposed to continual violent storms and rain due to great temperature differences between water and land. Toxic fumes would be produced in great quantities by the massive .�. � .� .ir..i �.- � ..lam _ • .''� r $OIL VDCM I, ` ry �/ _ _ burning of synthetic materials. -12 - Water for irrigation would also be contaminated. Damage to the ozone shield would greatly increase exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The number one agricultural producer in San Joaquin County is the dairy industry. In 1984 it brought in over 8130 million in revenue to the county. This would be completely wiped out. Domestic animals that survived the initial blast would rapidly die off from radiation sickness, disease, and leck of food and water. The dairies, ranches and farms presently providing milk, meat, eggs, and poultry would be lost for at least several seasons or years. Walnuts, almonds and fruit trees would be destroyed by the initial blast or die as a result of the lack of sunlight and freezing temperatures during the first year. These effects would be much greater then the unusual weather occurances such as untimely frost, flooding, or high temperatures which often devastate crops in the Central Valley. Grapes, tomatoes, corn, and cherries which combined to produce almost 0200 million revenue in the county in 1984 would also be wiped out. Birds and bees needed to pollinate would be dead or diseased and would be ineffective to do their part in crop production. Annual crops would be annihilated if exposed to the effects of nuclear winter during the growing season. Fallout would kill or damage million of acres of crops and trees. The vast productivity of the San Joaquin Valley, a measurable percentage of the united States total, would be destroyed along with the productivity of other agricultural areas. Surplus food would not be available for export whereas it now makes up an important fraction of the world's supply. Worldwide production of agricultural crops rarely provide for more than 2 months carry over. Additionally, other industries such as shipping, trucking, railroads, canneries, heavy equipment, and chemicals would not be available. Modern agriculture would be impossible for years following a nuclear war. Subsistence agriculture and foraging would be the only available alternatives. This massive destruction of agricultural and natural ecosystems would come dust when human populations were most dependant on them. Dot Chart FACT SHEET -14 - One dot - represents the firepower contained in all the aerial bombing by all the combatants during World War II (1939- 19451', including the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 3 megatons (3 million tons of TNT). Eight dots - represent the firepower contained in the nuclear missiles of 1 Trident submarine: 24 megatons. 6000 dots - represent the explosive power in the nuclear arsenals of the superpowers today: 18,000 megatons. The detonation of a little more than one square (60 dots) could cause a "nuclear winter". Information verified by the U.S. Senate Staff and the Center for Defense Information, 303 Capitol Gallery West, 600 Maryland Ave S.W., Washington D.C. 20024 1 -lb - Trident Nuclear Submarine The Trident nuclear submarine ("Boomer"), the largest submarine in the United States Navy packs more explosive power in its 24 missiles than all the gunpowder expended in all the wars man has fought to date. (Christian Science Monitor, 10-14-82). The Trident. is 560 feet long; it weighs 18,750 tons. Each of the 24 nuclear missiles it carries weighs 65,000 pounds. Each nuclear missile has 8 independently targeted warheads (nuclear bombs), which means that one Trident nuclear submarine can hit 192 targets (8 x 24 - 192). Nuclear Weapons Data Book, Natural Resources Defense Council, 1984. The firepower in one Trident nuclear submarine can effectively destroy Soviet society. The United States has four Tridents: the Ohio, the Michigan, the Florida, the Georgia. We plan to build 15 of them. (Department of Defense, Selected Acquisition Report, 6-30-82). Typhoon Nuclear Submarine The Soviet Typhoon nuclear submarine is the largest in the Soviet fleet. It is 561 feet long and weighs 25,000 tons. Each of its 20 nuclear missiles carries 8 independently targeted warheads (nuclear bombs). One Typhoon can hit 160 targets (8 x 20 - 160) and can effectively destroy American society. The Soviet Union has two Typhoon submarines and is planning to build 6 more by the early 1990x. Polmar, Norman. Guide to the Soviet Navy - 3rd Edition. Annapolis Md. Naval Institute Press, 1983. Soviet Military Power, 1984. Dept. of Defense. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing office, Washington D.C. 20402. -16- XT HAS ALMOST HAE>I�T= SY AGC=I�12JT Accidents involving nuclear weapons have occurred with alarming frequency in the 37 years since the first nuclear explosion. Some have brought us extremely close to nuclear war. The i Pentagon acknowledges 27 mayor nuclear weapons accidents. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, a recognized authority on nuclear arms, estimates mayor and minor U.S. nuclear weapons accidents total about 125. The likelihood of technical or human error remains a constant and extremely dangerous threat to our security. The chance of a massive nuclear disaster increases as we build more weapons and more complex missile systems. A few examples of how close we have already come: SEPTEMBER 1980 - A Titan II missile exploded in Arkansas when a repairman dropped a wrench into the silo. One Air Force man was killed and 21 were inured, and local residents were evacuated. JUNE 1980 - On June 3rd and 6th, small computer components malfunctioned and gave a false signal of a Soviet ICBM and submarine attack. NOVEMBER 1979 - A war games tape simulating a Soviet attack was fed into a computer and accidentally transmitted to Air Force bases. Three squadrons of planes took off armed with nuclear weapons. JANUARY 1968 - A B-52 crashed and burned in Greenland, and all four of its nuclear weapons were destroyed in the fire. It took four months to clean up the resulting radioactive ice, snow and water, which is now stored in the U.S. JANUARY 1966 - A B-52 crashed during midair refueling. Two of its four bombs' trigger mechanisms exploded, spreading plutonium over a large area near Palomares, Spain. 850 million was spent locating the other two weapons and removing 1,400 tons of radioactive dirt to the U.S. for storage. MARCH 1961 - A B-52 with two nuclear weapons aboard crashed near Yuba City, California. Neither weapon exploded. JANUARY 1961 - A B-52 crashed near Goldsboro, North Carolina and dropped two 24 megaton bombs. Some of the uranium from one bomb was never found. FEBRUARY 1958 - After colliding with another plane, a B-47 dropped a nuclear bomb near Savannah, Georgia. The bomb has never been found'. MAY 1957 - A bomb dropped out of a B-36 into the New Mexico desert. The trigger mechanism exploded leaving a crater 25 feet in diameter and 12 feet deep. -17- AUGUST 3950 - A B-25 crashed on takeoff from Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield, California. The plane's nuclear weapons high explosive material detonated and killed nineteen crewmen and rescuers. _18- C) U ]=-: S _r X 01 W:E3 18- ®L7]=-:STSONS AND ^WSW]ERS 0. Is there such a thing as "limited" nuclear war? A. While both President Reagan and former Secretary of State Alexander Haig have said they would not rule out the use of limited nuclear weapons in the NATO theater, the informed thought overwhelmingly is against such action. In a recent article, Robert S. McNsmara,,Secr terry of Defense from 1961 to 1968; McGeorge Bundy, National Security Advisor to John Kennedy; George F. Kennan, former Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and Gerald Smith, chief negotiator of the SALT I treaty, state categorically that there is no "reason to believe that any use of nuclear weapons, even on the smallest scale, could reliably be expected to remain limited .... Any use of nuclear weapons in Europe.... carries with it a high and inescapable risk of escalation into the general nuclear war which would bring ruin to all and victory to none." 0. We do have to provide for national security. A strong military makes us secure, doesn"t it? A. In the short run, arms make people feel secure. The problem is that our reliance on nuclear armaments appears to incresase security while actually making us leas &*cure. Each day, the U.S. adds 3 nuclear warheads to its stockpile of over 9000 strategic nuclear warheads, enough to destroy every Soviet city of 100,000 or more 35 times. "Just one of our relatively invulnerable Poseidon submarines, comprising leas than 2 percent of our total nuclear force of submarine&, aircraft, and land based missiles, carries enough warheads to destroy every large and medium-sized city in the Soviet Union..." In an attempt to catch up with the U.S., which has led the nuclear arms race from the start, the Soviet Union has steadily increased its military power. Former Secretary of Defense Harold Brown has stated that "the United States and the Soviet Union are roughly equal in strategic nuclear power." With its present stockpile of 7000 strategic nuclear warheads, the U.S.S.R. can destroy every American city of 100,000 or more 28 times. With each escalation of the nuclear arms race our security is actually diminished. Does anyone doubt that we and the Soviets are less secure now than we were in 1945 before nuclear weapons existed? We all experience, on a daily basis, a growth in our fears and in our sense that we no longer control our own national destiny or our ability to decide on whether there will be war or peace. 0. But if we don't maintain a strong nuclear deterrent, couldn't the Soviets put us in a position where, if we didn't capitulate to their demands, they'd strike first, wipe out our forces, and take over? -19- A. The "capitulation scenario" has serious flaws. One is the misconception that the U.S. does not already have a strong deterrent. Because of the size and invulnerability of cur submarine based arsenal, it is virtually impossible that the Soviet Union could ever wipe out our forces without being t :.f wiped out in return. The more important question is whether `1 our goal ahould be to threaten each other with meas destruction. -20- _r H S H O P S There is a growing awareness and concern over the destructive power of nuclear weapons but recognition of the problem is just the beginning. We aro- now faced with the greatest challenge in the history of the human race, that of preventing civilization and perhaps all life on earth from being destroyed. As Einstein wrote "The unleashed power of the atom has changed everything save our modes of thinking, and thus we drift toward unparalleled catastrophe." Luckily, human being& ars capable of great and astonishing feats and can reject outmoded patterns of behavior as we did cannibalism and slavery. Ordinary citizens frequently change the direction of nations. The Vietnam War was ended because enough people believed it should be. Similarly, if enough people believe nuclear war is not survivable and must be prevented, we can prevent it. There have been many indications that people throughout the world are searching for solution& for this overwhelming problem. Some recent highlights include: --In November 1985 President Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev met in Geneva. This opening dialogue between the two superpower leaders was a significant step toward easing international tensions. --The leaders of Argentina, Tanzania, Sweden, Greece, India, and Mexico got together to issue the "Delhi Declaration" which f urged the nuclear weapons states to halt the testing, production, and development of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems. In March 1986 these same nations urged the USA and USSR to immediately halt nuclear testing and offered their services to monitor and verify the moratorium. --The founders of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War <IPPNWI, Dr. Lown of the United States and Dr. Chazov of the Soviet Union, received the Nobel Peace Prize. The IPPNW had previously been awarded the Beyond War award in a program simulcast by satellite between Moscow and San Fransisco. It was the first such satellite link between the two cities and included people from both countries singing together from across the earth. --Lake Woebegone added its pare to the growing list of communities that have declared themselves nuclear free zones. The time is past when we --or any peoples of the planet --can pose as "enemy." We must now achieve an attitude of inclusiveness: of all people, all religions, all races, and all nations, toward the survival of all. -2z - "So if you share these concerns, get involved. I see no reason to be gloomy about trying to save the world. There is more exhilaration, more challenge, more zest in this than in any ordinary job.- -Roger Fisher Law Professor, Harvard University WHAT WE CAN DC3 BECOME INFORMED. An informed citizenry is basic to responsible public decisions on matters affecting San Joaquin County, the United States, and the world. EDUCATE OTHERS to the nuclear danger. They have a right to know. This can take many forms, from talking to your family, friends, and co-worker&, to addressing larger groups. VOTE APPROPRIATELY. It is easier to vote the right persons in than to change their mind& after they're in office. CALL AND WRITE THE NEWS MEDIA. Ask for coverage of the issue. Commend as well as admonish Where indicated. They need and want `Lo hear from their viewer&/reader&. WRITE YOUR ELECTED OFFICIALS FREQUENTLY. This in a democracy and they are your voice in Washington and Sacramento. See that your voice is heard! Call or write to your representatives. Two or three sentences on a postcard is fine or you can call the White House directly to register your opinion. -23- SE LEC T E D B= B L= O G R A p H Y The Challenge of Peace: _GOD's Promise and ourRsponse_. Pastoral Letter of the U.S. Bishops on War and Peace, 1983. The Cold and the Dark. Ehrlich, Paul, Carl Sagan, Donald Kennedy, Walter Orr Robers. W.W. Norton & Co., 1984. Fate of the Earth. Schell, Jonathan. Knopf, New York, 1982. The Hundredth Monkey. Keyes, Kenneth. Vision Books, St. Mary, KY, 1982. Nuclear Winter: the Human and Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War. Harwell, Mark A. Springer -Verlag, New York, 1984. The Trimtab Factor. Willens, Harold. William Morrow Co., New York, 1984. What About the Ruazion&_-_and-Nuclear War? Ground Zero. Pocket Books, 1982. -24- This booklet was compiled by a group of concerned San Joaquin citizens who belong.to Physicians for Social Responsibility and The Hundreth Neighbor. This booklet is not copyrighted and may be re- produced in whole or in part. For more information contact Dr. Ann Hathaway at 983-0684, Don Nelson or Anna Grzeszkiewicz at 464-5895, and Laurie Litman or Dale Steele at 462-5221. i 1 i �.. ... .-.... �..._......... ... _ ,..,. .. .. ..,, ._. .. nom..- ..-. ...,.__.._. Y t k jj `m 4